Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa na silicone itangiza ibidukikije?

1. Ibisobanuro n'Ihame Ngenderwaho
1.1 Ibisobanuro n'ibisabwa mu kwemeza Silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa
Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwayerekeza ku bicuruzwa bya silikoni bikoreshwa mu gukora ku biryo, nk'udupira tw'abana bato, imigozi yo mu gikoni, impeta zo gufunga, nibindi. Ibi bicuruzwa bikorana n'ibiryo mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, kandi umutekano n'isuku y'ibikoresho byabyo ni ingenzi cyane. Sililikoni yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa igomba kuzuza amahame akomeye y'igihugu n'ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo itazatera umwanda ku biryo mu gihe cyo kubikoresha no kurengera ubuzima bw'abaguzi.
Mu Bushinwa, amahame ngenderwaho yo gupima ibikomoka kuri silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa akurikiza GB 4806.11-2016 “Ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya Rubber bya National Food Safety Standard”. Aya mahame agaragaza ibisabwa, uburyo bwo gupima, amategeko yo kugenzura no kumenya ibirango by'ibikoresho bya rubber n'ibicuruzwa bya rubber kugira ngo bihuze n'ibiryo. Ibipimo birimo gupima ibyuma bipima, ingano y'icyuma gikomeye (mu bijyanye n'ubutare bw'icyuma), ikoreshwa rya potasiyumu permanganate, kwimuka kose (4% aside asetiki, 10% ethanol, 50% ethanol), n'ibindi.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibisabwa mu kwemeza silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa nabyo birakomeye cyane. Urugero, Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) cyashyizeho amahame agenga ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo, muri yo harimo Itegeko rya 21 CFR 177.2600 rigena neza uburyo bwo guhuza ibikomoka kuri silicone mu biryo, kandi rigasaba ko hagenwa ingano yose ya silicone ishobora gukurwa mu mazi yaciwe na n-hexane. LFGB y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (Itegeko ry'Ibiribwa, Ibikomoka ku Itabi, Ibikoresho byo Kwisiga n'Ibindi Bikenewe bya Buri Munsi) isaba ko ibikomoka kuri silicone mu biryo bipima ibinyabutabire, harimo no kwimuka kw'ibikomoka ku bimera (amazi yavuyemo ioni, aside asetiki 3%, ethanol 10%), ikizamini cy'agaciro ka peroxide, ingano y'icyuma gikomeye (mu bijyanye na cadmium na lead), imihindagurikire y'ibinyabuzima na hydrocarboni aromatic polycyclic.
1.2 Ibisobanuro n'amahame ngenderwaho y'ibidukikije bya silicone itangiza ibidukikije
Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ni ibikoresho bya silicone bifite silicon dioxide karemano nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, bifite imiterere yo kudahumanya, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kuba ibinyabuzima bihuye neza. Uburyo ikorwamo bufite umwanda muto cyane ku bidukikije. Ni ibikoresho byiza bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, mu ndege no mu gisirikare, mu bikoresho bya buri munsi n'ibindi bikorwa.
Amahame ngenderwaho ya silikoni irinda ibidukikije areba cyane cyane inzira yo kuyikora, uburyo ikoreshwa n'uburyo ijugunywamo imyanda. Mu gihe cyo kuyikora, silikoni irinda ibidukikije ikoresha ingufu nke kandi ikora imyanda mike, ibyo bikaba byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo iterambere rirambye rigerweho. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, ibicuruzwa bya silikoni birinda ibidukikije biramba neza kandi bikongera gukoreshwa, bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, bityo bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo n'imyanda. Byongeye kandi, silikoni irinda ibidukikije ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa binyuze mu buryo bwihariye nyuma yo kuyijugunya, bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, amahame agenga ibidukikije kuri silicone itangiza ibidukikije arimo n'amabwiriza ku bintu bishobora guteza akaga. Urugero, amabwiriza ya RoHS yo mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (Amabwiriza agenga ibintu bishobora guteza akaga) avuga ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guteza akaga bibujijwe mu bicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga. Iyo silicone itangiza ibidukikije ikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga, igomba kubahiriza aya mabwiriza. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza ya REACH (Kwiyandikisha, Gusuzuma, Kwemerera no Kubuza Ibikoresho by’Ubutabire) anashyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku binyabutabire bikoreshwa muri silicone itangiza ibidukikije.

2. Ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya
2.1 Ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa n'uburyo bwo kugenzura umusaruro
Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ibikoresho fatizo bibe byiza. Igice cyayo cy'ingenzi ni silicon dioxide, kandi umucanga wa silica cyangwa quartz wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ukunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibanze. Ibi bikoresho fatizo bigomba kugenzura neza ingano y'umwanda mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya kugira ngo habeho isuku n'umutekano w'umusaruro wa nyuma. Urugero, ntarengwa y'ingano y'icyuma gikomeye muri silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni ikomeye cyane, kandi ingano y'icyuma cy'ubutare ntigomba kurenza 0.05 mg / kg, ibi bikaba bisaba ko ibikoresho fatizo bigomba kwirinda kwanduza icyuma gikomeye mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya.
Mu gihe cyo gukora, imiterere y’umusaruro wa silicone yo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa igomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi akenshi ikorerwa mu iduka risukuye kugira ngo hirindwe ivumbi n’indi myanda kwanduza. Ibipimo nk’ubushyuhe, igitutu n’igihe mu gikorwa cyo gukora nabyo bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo harebwe ko imikorere ya silicone yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw’ibiribwa. Urugero, uburyo bwo gukora silicone yo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa bukoresha platinum vulcanizer, ishobora gutanga gusa ingaruka nziza zo gukora vulcanization, ahubwo inagaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bitangiza uburozi n’impumuro mbi. Byongeye kandi, igenzura ryimbitse ry’ubuziranenge rirakenewe kuri buri ntambwe mu gikorwa cyo gukora, harimo kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo, gupima ibicuruzwa byarangiye neza no kugenzura burundu ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n’umutekano by’umusaruro.
2.2 Inkomoko y'ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni itangiza ibidukikije n'ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije mu gikorwa cyo kuyikora
Ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni irinda ibidukikije biboneka cyane, harimo silikoni karemano na siloxane ikoze mu buryo bw'ubukorano. Silikoni karemano ikunze kuva mu mabuye ya quartz cyangwa diatomaceous earth, bifite ububiko bwinshi kandi bikora neza mu bidukikije. Siloxane ikoze mu buryo bw'ubukorano ikorwa hakoreshejwe imiti, kandi uburyo bwo kuyikora buhora butera imbere kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Mu gihe cyo gukora, abakora silicone idahumanya ibidukikije bafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo kurengera ibidukikije. Urugero, ingufu zisukuye nka gaze karemano cyangwa amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibicanwa bisanzwe by’amakara kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ya karubone n’indi myanda ihumanya. Muri icyo gihe, amazi mabi n’imyanda ikomoka mu gihe cyo gukora na byo bitunganywa neza kugira ngo byujuje ibisabwa ku bidukikije. Amazi mabi akunze kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya, kuyungurura no gutunganya imiti kugira ngo akureho ibintu byangiza; imyanda itunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyivanga, gutwika ibintu bishya n’ubundi buryo bwo kuyikoresha kugira ngo igabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Byongeye kandi, abakora silicone idahumanya ibidukikije nabo bita ku buryo bwo kongera gukoresha imyanda, kandi bakongera gukoresha silicone ikomoka mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha mu kuyitunganya, bityo bakagabanya imyanda ikomoka ku mutungo n’imyanda.

3. Ingaruka ku mutekano n'ubuzima
3.1 Ibiranga silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa bitari uburozi kandi nta ngaruka mbi bifite
Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikoreshwa cyane mu bintu bihuza ibiryo bitewe n’umutekano wayo mwiza. Igice cyayo cy’ingenzi, silicon dioxide, ifite imiterere ihamye ya shimi kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bindi bintu uretse aside alkali na hydrofluoric. Mu gihe gisanzwe ikoreshwa, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntabwo isohora ibintu byangiza, cyangwa ngo igire ingaruka ku ibara, impumuro, n’uburyohe bw’ibiryo. Urugero, imiti irinda abana, nk’ibicuruzwa bikora mu kanwa k’impinja n’abana bato, ikorwa muri silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Imiterere yayo idahumanya kandi idafite impumuro ishobora kurinda ubuzima bw’impinja n’abana bato.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwa silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa nabwo butanga icyizere cy'umutekano wayo. Ubusanzwe ubudahangarwa bwayo buri hagati ya -40℃ na 200℃. Mu gihe ikoreshwa bisanzwe, yaba iri muri firigo, ikonje cyangwa itetse ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ibicuruzwa bya silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa bishobora kugumaho neza kandi ntibizatanga ibintu byangiza bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo gupimwa neza ubuziranenge, ingano y'icyuma gikomeye, ikoreshwa rya potasiyumu permanganate, ndetse n'izamuka ry'ibicuruzwa bya silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu, birushaho kwemeza umutekano wabyo mu gihe cyo kubikoresha.
3.2 Ingaruka zishobora guterwa na silicone irinda ibidukikije ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw'abantu
Nk'ikintu kibisi, silicone idahumanya ibidukikije igira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije. Ingamba zo kurengera ibidukikije zikoreshwa mu ikorwa ryayo, nko gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, gutunganya neza amazi mabi n'imyuka isohora umwotsi, no kongera gukoresha imyanda, bigabanya neza umwanda ku bidukikije. Mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, ibicuruzwa bya silicone bidahumanya ibidukikije biramba neza kandi bikongera gukoreshwa, bigabanya ikorwa ry'imyanda. Byongeye kandi, silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ishobora kongera gukoreshwa binyuze mu buryo bwihariye nyuma yo gutabwa, bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Ku buzima bw'abantu, silicone idahumanya ibidukikije nayo ifite umutekano mwinshi. Ikintu nyamukuru ikora, silica karemano, ntabwo igira uburozi kandi ntihumura neza, kandi ntabwo yangiza umubiri w'umuntu mu gihe ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Ariko, silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije mu buryo runaka bwihariye. Urugero, iyo ibicuruzwa bya silica bidahumanya ibidukikije bihuye n'ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe mu gihe bikoreshwa, imikorere yabyo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero runaka. Ariko muri rusange, ingaruka za silica idahumanya ibidukikije ku buzima bw'abantu ni nkeya iyo ikoreshejwe neza kandi ifashwe neza.

4. Imiterere y'umubiri n'iya shimi
4.1 Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe, kudasaza no gukomera kw'icika rya silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwa silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa ni bwiza cyane, kandi ishobora kuguma ihamye mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40°C na 230°C. Ubu bushyuhe bwinshi buyifasha kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byaba ari firigo, firigo cyangwa guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ibicuruzwa bya silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe bitagize ibintu byangiza cyangwa ngo imikorere ikomeze kuba mibi bitewe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe.
Ubudasaza bwayo nabwo ni bwiza cyane. Mu gihe ikoreshwa igihe kirekire, ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kugumana imiterere myiza y’umubiri n’imiti. Ibi biterwa n’imiterere ihamye y’ibinyabutabire by’igice cyayo cy’ingenzi, silikoni dioxyde, idahura n’ibindi bintu uretse aside alkali na hydrofluoric ikomeye. Uku kudasaza kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugumana imiterere yabyo y’umwimerere, ubunararibonye n’imbaraga nyuma y’igihe kirekire bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije nk’ibiribwa, umwuka n’ubushuhe, kandi ntibikunda gusaza, kwangirika n’ibindi bibazo.
Byongeye kandi, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ifite ubushobozi bwo kudacika kw'amarira menshi. Mu gihe gisanzwe, ibicuruzwa bya silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntibikunda gucika nubwo byaba byarananutse cyangwa bigacika ku rugero runaka. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gukora imashini zo guteka, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ishobora kwihanganira kwaguka no gusohoka kw'ifu, igakomeza ubuziranenge n'imiterere y'imashini, bityo ikagaragaza ubwiza n'isura y'ibiryo bitetse. Uku kudacika kw'amarira menshi ntikwongera gusa igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bya silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ahubwo kunanoza uburyo bwo kwizerwa no kurinda umutekano wabyo mu bikorwa bifatika.
4.2 Kuramba, kwangirika no kudahinduka kw'imiti ya silikoni irinda ibidukikije
Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije iramba neza, kandi imiterere yayo ifatika n'imiti ishobora kuguma ihamye igihe kirekire mu gihe ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Uku kuramba biterwa ahanini n'imiterere ihamye y'imiti y'ikintu nyamukuru, silika karemano, no kugenzura neza ibikoresho fatizo n'imikorere mu gihe cyo kuyikora. Ibicuruzwa bya silicone bidahumanya ibidukikije ntibikunda gusaza, kwangirika, gucika intege n'ibindi bibazo mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, kandi bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha.
Nubwo silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ubwayo idashobora kwangirika mu buryo busanzwe, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye. Urugero, imyanda ya silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ishobora guhindurwamo ibikoresho bishya bya silikoni binyuze mu kubora mu bushyuhe bwinshi, hanyuma igahindurwamo ibikoresho bya silikoni. Uku kongera gukoreshwa ntibigabanya gusa ingano y'imyanda, ahubwo binarinda umutungo w'ibikoresho fatizo, ibi bikaba bihuye n'igitekerezo cy'iterambere rirambye. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n'iterambere rikomeje ry'ikoranabuhanga, hari ibikoresho bishya bya silikoni bidahumanya ibidukikije birimo gutezwa imbere, kandi imiterere yabyo ishobora kwangirika byitezwe ko izakomeza kunozwa.
Ku bijyanye no kugumana imiti, silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ikora neza. Ikintu nyamukuru cyayo, silica karemano, ntabwo ihumanya kandi ntigira impumuro mbi, kandi ntishobora kugirana imiti n'ibindi bintu mu gihe ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Uku kugumana imiti bituma ibicuruzwa bya silica bidahumanya ibidukikije bigumana imikorere n'umutekano wabyo iyo bihuye n'ibintu bitandukanye bya silica. Urugero, mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, iby'indege n'ibya gisirikare, ibicuruzwa bya silica bidahumanya ibidukikije bigomba guhura n'ibidukikije bitandukanye bigoye, kandi kugumana imiti neza bishobora kwemeza umutekano n'ukuri kw'ibyo bicuruzwa mu gihe bikoreshwa.

5. Ahantu ho gushyiramo porogaramu
5.1 Gukoresha silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa mu biribwa, mu buvuzi no mu bindi bice
Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa yakoreshejwe cyane mu biribwa no mu buvuzi bitewe n'umutekano wayo n'imikorere yayo myiza.
Umurima w'ibiribwa
Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'ibyo ku meza: Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu gikoni n'ibyo ku meza, nka spatula za silicone, ibiyiko, udupfukamunwa n'ibindi bikoresho byo guteka, bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi no kurwanya gushwara. Urugero, spatula za silicone zishobora gukoreshwa mu guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi zidasohora ibintu byangiza cyangwa inkono zo gushwara. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo guteka nk'ibumba rya silicone cake na biscuit molds birakundwa n'abakunzi b'iterama kubera ko bidafatana kandi byoroshye kubikuraho.
Gupfunyika ibiryo: Udupapuro two gupfunyika twa silicone two mu rwego rwo hejuru dukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo kugira ngo birinde neza ko ibiryo byangirika cyangwa ngo bihumanye. Urugero, silicone cling fillet irashobora kongera gukoreshwa, ntingiza ibidukikije kandi nta ngaruka mbi ku biryo, kandi ni ikintu cyiza cyasimbura fiber gakondo yo gupfunyika.
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiribwa: Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa, impeta zo gufunga, imikandara yo kohereza ibiribwa n'ibindi bikoresho bikozwe muri silikoni yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa bikoreshwa cyane. Ibi bikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi n'isuku ya shimi mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'isukura mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiribwa.
Urwego rw'ubuvuzi
Ibikoresho by'abana: Amabere n'amacupa bikozwe muri silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa ni byiza kandi ntibigira uburozi, kandi nta ngaruka bigira ku buzima bw'abana. Urugero, uburyo amabere ya silicone yoroshye kandi arushaho gukomera bishobora kwigana uko amashereka yonka, bigatuma abana babyakira byoroha.
Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi: Kuba silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikora neza bituma ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi, nka catheters n'imiyoboro y'amazi. Ibi bikoresho by'ubuvuzi ntibizatera ubwivumbure cyangwa ngo bigire ubwivumbure ku ngingo z'umubiri w'umuntu mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, bityo bikaba bishimangira umutekano w'imikorere y'ubuvuzi.
5.2 Gukoresha silicone itangiza ibidukikije mu nganda, mu bwubatsi no mu zindi nzego
Silicone irinda ibidukikije yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda no mu bwubatsi bitewe n’imiterere yayo yo kurengera ibidukikije, kuramba kwayo ndetse n’imiterere yayo myiza y’umubiri n’imiti.
Urugaga rw'inganda
Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi: Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, nk'utubuto twa silicone, ibipfukisho birinda silicone, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bya silicone ntibikora neza gusa kandi bimara igihe kirekire, ahubwo binatanga ubushyuhe bwiza kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero, udusanduku twa terefone zigendanwa twa silicone dushobora kurinda terefone zigendanwa gushwanyagurika no kwangirika, kandi bikagira ubushobozi bwo gutwika ubushyuhe.
Gukora imashini: Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ikoreshwa mu gukora ibice bitandukanye bya mashini n'udupfundikizo, nk'udupfundikizo twa silicone two mu bwoko bwa O, udupfundikizo tudacika, nibindi. Ibi bice bifite ubushobozi bwo kudacika ubushyuhe bwinshi, kudacika amavuta no kudashira, ibi bikaba bishobora kunoza ubwizigirwa n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho bya mashini.
Ingendo n'igisirikare: Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ifite akamaro kanini mu ndege no mu bya gisirikare, nko gupfuka udupfukamunwa tudapfa amazi, ecouteur zikuraho urusaku, feri za feri, nibindi. Ibi bicuruzwa ntibigomba gusa kugira imiterere myiza, ahubwo bigomba no kuzuza amahame akomeye agenga ibidukikije kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Ikibuga cy'ubwubatsi
Ibikoresho byo gufunga: Udupapuro twa silikoni two gufunga tudahungabanya ibidukikije dukoreshwa cyane mu kubaka inzugi, amadirishya, inkuta z'amarido n'ibindi bice, bishobora gukumira amazi n'umwuka kwinjira no kunoza imikorere y'ubushyuhe mu nyubako. Urugero, utwuma twa silikoni two gufunga ntabwo byoroshye gusaza cyangwa kwangirika mu gihe kirekire, kandi dushobora kugumana ingaruka nziza zo gufunga.
Ibikoresho byo gushushanya: Silicone idahungabanya ibidukikije ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gushushanya inyubako, nk'ibumba rya silicone ryo gukora ibikoresho byo gushushanya. Ibi bikoresho byo gushushanya bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ikirere no kuramba, kandi bishobora kugumana ubwiza bwabyo igihe kirekire.

6. Ikiguzi n'igiciro
6.1 Ibintu bihenze cyane bya silikoni yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa
Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ifite ikiguzi kiri hejuru bitewe n'amahame yayo akomeye y'umutekano n'ibisabwa mu bwiza. Igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru kigaragarira ahanini muri ibi bikurikira:
Igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo: Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane ikenera ibikoresho fatizo byinshi kugira ngo bibe byiza, kandi akenshi ikoresha silika cyangwa umucanga wa quartz nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibanze. Igiciro cyo kugura ibyo bikoresho fatizo fatizo ni kinini, kandi umwanda ugomba kugenzurwa neza mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, ibyo bikaba byongera ikiguzi cyo kubitunganya.
Ikiguzi cyo kugenzura ibikorwa byo gukora: Uburyo bwo gukora silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa bugomba gukorerwa mu iduka risukuye kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'umukungugu n'indi myanda. Byongeye kandi, ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe, igitutu n'igihe mu gikorwa cyo gukora bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo imikorere y'ibicuruzwa ihuze n'ibipimo by'ibiryo. Urugero, uburyo bwo gukora vulcanization hakoreshejwe platinum vulcanizer ntabwo buhenze gusa, ahubwo bunasaba isuzuma rikomeye ry'ubuziranenge. Izi ngamba zikomeye zo kugenzura umusaruro zongera ikiguzi cy'igikorwa cyo gukora.
Igiciro cyo gupima ubuziranenge: Ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigomba gupimwa ubuziranenge cyane, harimo kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo, gupima ibicuruzwa birangije neza no gupima burundu ibicuruzwa birangiye. Ibi bikoresho byo gupima birimo gupima imiterere y'umubiri, ingano y'icyuma gikomeye, ikoreshwa rya potaziyamu permanganate, kwimuka kose, nibindi. Uburyo bukomeye bwo gupima no gushora imari mu bikoresho byongera ikiguzi cyo gupima ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.
Igiciro cy’impamyabumenyi: Ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigomba kwemererwa neza, nko kwemererwa na FDA yo muri Amerika n’impamyabumenyi ya EU LFGB. Ibi byemezo ntibisaba amasosiyete gushora igihe kinini n’ingufu nyinshi, ahubwo bisaba no kwishyura amafaranga menshi y’impamyabumenyi. Urugero, kwemererwa na FDA bisaba amasosiyete gukora ibizamini n’isuzumabikorwa bigoye kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa.
6.2 Ibyiza ku giciro n'itandukaniro ry'ibiciro bya silicone itangiza ibidukikije
Silikoli idahumanya ibidukikije ifite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe mu bijyanye n'igiciro cyayo, kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hasi, ibyo bikaba bigaragarira cyane mu ngingo zikurikira:
Igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo: Ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni irinda ibidukikije bituruka ahantu henshi, harimo silikoni karemano na silikoni ikoze mu buryo bwa siloxane. Silikoni karemano ikunze kuva mu mabuye ya quartz cyangwa diatomaceous earth, bifite ububiko bwinshi kandi bifite ikiguzi gito cyo kugura. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukora siloxane ikoze mu buryo bwa siloxane nabwo buhora butera imbere, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora ibikoresho fatizo.
Ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa byo gukora: Nubwo hafashwe ingamba zitandukanye zo kurengera ibidukikije mu gukora silicone itangiza ibidukikije, ibisabwa mu gukora no gutunganya ibidukikije biragabanuka ugereranije na silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa. Urugero, ingamba zo gutunganya ingufu nziza n'amazi mabi hamwe n'imyuka mibi zikoreshwa mu gukora silicone itangiza ibidukikije byongera ikiguzi cyo gukora, ariko ikiguzi rusange kiracyari gito ugereranyije n'igenzura rikomeye ry'ibikorwa byo gukora silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa.
Ibiciro bihagaze ku isoko n'itandukaniro ry'ibiciro: Silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu biribwa, ubuvuzi n'ibindi bijyanye n'umutekano uri hejuru cyane. Ihendutse kandi ifite ubuziranenge buhanitse bituma igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru cyane. Silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibidukikije ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, mu bwubatsi no mu bindi bihugu bifite ibisabwa byinshi mu mikorere y'ibidukikije. Bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye y'isoko, igiciro cya silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibidukikije kiri hasi cyane, ariko imiterere yayo mu bidukikije n'imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'imiti bituma ihendutse ku isoko.
Muri rusange, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati ya silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa na silicone itangiza ibidukikije ukurikije ikiguzi n'igiciro. Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa ifite ikiguzi n'igiciro kiri hejuru bitewe n'amahame yayo akomeye y'umutekano n'ibisabwa mu bwiza; mu gihe silicone itangiza ibidukikije ifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe mu giciro mu bikoresho fatizo no mu mikorere y'umusaruro, kandi igiciro ni gito ugereranyije, ariko ikora neza mu mikorere y'ibidukikije n'imiterere y'umubiri n'iya chimique, kandi ifite ubukungu bwinshi mu giciro.

Incamake
Nubwo silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa na silicone itangiza ibidukikije byombi ari ibikoresho bya silicone, hari itandukaniro rinini mu bintu byinshi.
Dukurikije ibisobanuro n'amahame ngenderwaho, silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ibiribwa kandi igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu n'ibyemezo mpuzamahanga, nka China GB 4806.11-2016, US FDA 21 CFR 177.2600, EU LFGB, nibindi. Ifite ibisabwa byinshi cyane kugira ngo ibikoresho fatizo bisukure, kugenzura uburyo bikorerwa ndetse n'umutekano wa nyuma w'ibicuruzwa. Silicone irinda ibidukikije yibanda ku kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gukora, gukoresha no gutunganya imyanda, kandi ikubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho nk'amabwiriza ya EU RoHS na REACH.
Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikoresha umucanga wa silica cyangwa quartz wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ikorerwa mu iduka risukuye, ikoresha platine vulcanizer, kandi ipimwa neza mu gihe cyose cyo kuyitunganya. Ibikoresho fatizo bya silica bitangiza ibidukikije biraboneka cyane, ingufu zisukuye zikoreshwa mu kuyitunganya, amazi mabi n'imyuka isohora umwotsi biratunganywa neza, kandi hashimangirwa kongera gukoresha imyanda.
Ku bijyanye n'ingaruka z'umutekano n'ubuzima, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa ntabwo ari uburozi kandi nta ngaruka igira, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ibipimo nk'ibice by'icyuma gikomeye byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bigenzure umutekano w'ibiryo. Uburyo bwo gukora no gukoresha silicone itangiza ibidukikije nta mwanda mwinshi, kandi imyanda ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa. Ikoreshwa risanzwe nta ngaruka rigira ku buzima bw'abantu.
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru y'ibiribwa ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe, idasaza kandi idacika, kandi ikwiriye ubushyuhe bukabije no gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Silicone irinda ibidukikije iramba neza, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bigoye mu mikorere, kandi ishobora guhangana n'ibidukikije bigoye mu mikorere y'imiti.
Ku bijyanye n'ahantu hakoreshwa, silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa ikoreshwa cyane mu biribwa no mu buvuzi, nko mu bikoresho byo mu gikoni, mu gupfunyika ibiribwa, mu bicuruzwa by'abana bato, mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda no mu bwubatsi, nko mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, mu nganda zikora imashini, mu ndege no mu gisirikare, mu gufunga no gushushanya inyubako, n'ibindi.
Ku bijyanye n'igiciro n'ibiciro, silicone yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa irahenze cyane bitewe n'uko isaba ibikoresho fatizo bisukuye cyane, kugenzura cyane umusaruro, n'ibiciro byo kugenzura no kwemeza ubuziranenge. Silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ifite ibiciro biri hasi by'ibikoresho fatizo, uburyo bwo kuyikora budakora neza, kandi ihendutse cyane.

Muri make, silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa na silicone idahumanya ibidukikije bifite imiterere yabyo kandi bikwiranye n'ibice bitandukanye. Silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiribwa ifata umutekano nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi kandi ikwiranye n'ahantu hakenewe ubuzima bwinshi nko kurya no kuvurwa; silicone idahumanya ibidukikije ifite imikorere myiza cyane mu bidukikije kandi ikwiranye n'ibice nk'inganda n'ubwubatsi byibanda cyane ku ngaruka ku bidukikije.