Ikizamini cyo gupima ubushyuhe bwa silicone mu kibuno: intambwe y'ingenzi yo kwemeza ko ihumura neza kandi ifite ubuziranenge
Ku isoko ry’isi rya none, silicone hip pads ikunzwe cyane n’abaguzi benshi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibintu byinshi kubera ihumure ryazo, kuramba kwazo no gukoresha uburyo butandukanye. Iyo aba baguzi bahisemo abacuruza silicone hip pads, ubwiza n’imikorere y’ibicuruzwa ni byo bibandaho cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushuhe, nk’imwe mu bimenyetso by’ingenzi bipima ubwiza bwa silicone hip pads, bifitanye isano itaziguye n’uburyo umukoresha amerewe neza. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse uburyo butandukanye bwo kugeragezaagapira k'ikibuno ka silikonigupima ubushuhe kugira ngo bigufashe gusobanukirwa neza uburyo bwo gusuzuma neza uyu mutungo w'ingenzi kugira ngo ugaragare ku isoko mpuzamahanga rihanganye cyane kandi wuzuze ibisabwa bikomeye n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurishwa mu bucuruzi bunini.

1. Igitekerezo n'akamaro ko guhumeka kw'ubushuhe
Ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe bwerekana ubushobozi bw'ikintu bwo kwemerera umwuka w'amazi kunyura hejuru yacyo. Ku dupira twa silicone, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjira mu mazi ni ngombwa. Iyo abakoresha bambaye udupira twa silicone igihe kirekire, uruhu rw'umuntu ruzakomeza gusohora amazi. Niba agapira ka silicone gafite ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira mu mazi, ubu bushyuhe ntibuzasohoka neza, bigatuma uruhu rutose, bishobora gutera ubwivumbure, ubwivumbure bw'uruhu cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye by'uruhu. Ahubwo, udupira twa silicone dufite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwinjira mu mazi dushobora kohereza umwuka w'amazi mu kirere cyo hanze ku gihe, bigatuma uruhu rwumuka kandi rukoroha, kandi rukongera ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha muri rusange. Ibi ntibifasha gusa kongera ipiganwa ku isoko ry'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo binaha abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byizewe kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abakiriya babo bifuza kugira ngo birusheho kumererwa neza.

2. Ibipimo byerekana uburyo amazi yinjira mu kirere
Mbere yuko dusobanukirwa neza uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe, tugomba kumenyera ibimenyetso byinshi bikunze gukoreshwa mu kugaragaza ubushuhe:
(I) Ingufu zo korohereza amazi mu kirere (WVT)
Guhumeka k'ubushuhe bivuga uburemere bw'umwuka w'amazi unyura mu gice cy'icyitegererezo kuri buri gice mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byagenwe ku mpande zombi z'icyitegererezo. Igice cyacyo gikunze kuba garama kuri metero kare (g/(m²·h)) cyangwa garama kuri metero kare mu masaha 24 (g/(m²·24h)). Uko amazi ahumeka ari menshi, niko amazi ahumeka cyane. Urugero, iyo dutekereje ko ubushobozi bw'amazi ahumeka kuri silicone hip pad ari 5g/(m²·24h) naho ubundi ari 10g/(m²·24h), icya kabiri cyemerera amazi menshi kunyura mu bihe bimwe kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo kuhumeka neza.
(II) Ubushuhe bw'amazi (WVP)
Gupima amazi bisobanuye uburemere bw'umwuka w'amazi unyura mu gice cy'icyitegererezo kuri buri gice cy'igihe munsi y'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi munsi y'imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byagenwe ku mpande zombi z'icyitegererezo. Igice cyacyo ni garama kuri metero kare Pascal hour (g/(m²·Pa·h)). Gupima amazi bigaragaza uburyo amazi yinjira mu bikoresho munsi y'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi, ibi bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu gusuzuma imikorere ya silicone hip pads mu ikoreshwa nyaryo iyo habayeho impinduka zitandukanye z'ubushuhe mu bidukikije.
(III) Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe
Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe ni uburemere bw’umwuka w’amazi unyura mu buryo buhagaze mu bugari bw’igice n’agace k’icyitegererezo kuri buri gice cy’igihe munsi y’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’umwuka w’amazi munsi y’imiterere y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byagenwe ku mpande zombi z’icyitegererezo. Igipimo cyacyo ni santimetero garama kuri santimetero kare imwe Pascal (g·cm/(cm²·s·Pa)). Iki kimenyetso gisuzuma neza ingaruka z’ubugari bw’ibikoresho ku bushyuhe, kandi gishobora gukoreshwa mu kugereranya ubushyuhe bw’ibice bya silikoni bifite ubunini butandukanye, bigafasha abakora ibikoresho kunoza neza uburyo ibikoresho bitoranywamo no kumenya ubunini mu gihe cyo gushushanya no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa.

3. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo kubona ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads
Muri iki gihe, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads mu nganda, buri bumwe bufite imiterere yabwo n'uburyo bukoreshwa. Ubu buryo bukurikira ni uburyo bwinshi busanzwe bwo gupima hamwe n'amahame arambuye yabwo, intambwe z'imikorere n'ibintu bikurikizwa:
(I) Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe (umuti wo koza amazi)
Ihame: Ubu buryo bukoresha ihame ryo kwinjiza amazi mu gukamura kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo amazi yinjira mu dupfundikizo twa silicone. Shyira ingano runaka ya desiccant mu gikombe cy’igerageza gifunze, hanyuma upfuke umwobo w’igikombe cy’igerageza ukoresheje icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad hanyuma ugifunge. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byagenwe, desiccant izafata umwuka w’amazi unyura mu gipimo cya silicone hip pad. Mu gupima buri gihe impinduka z’uburemere bw’igikombe cy’igerageza, uburemere bw’umwuka w’amazi unyura mu gipimo kuri buri gice kuri buri gice bushobora kubarwa, bityo hakaboneka ibimenyetso by’ubushuhe nk’ubushuhe.
Intambwe z'imikorere:
Tegura umuti wo koza: Kalisiyumu kloride isanzwe ikoreshwa nk'umuti wo koza. Kumisha uduce twayo (ingano y'uduce muri rusange ni 0.63 ~ 2.5mm) mu itanura rya 160°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 3 kugira ngo umuti wo koza wume neza kandi ube ufite ubushobozi bwo koza neza. Nyuma y'ibyo, shyira hafi garama 35 z'umuti wo koza mu gikombe cy'igerageza gisukuye kandi cyumye hanyuma uzunguze witonze kugira ngo ubuso bwa muti wo koza bube bugororotse kandi buri munsi ya mm 4 ugereranije n'aho icyitegererezo gishyirwa kugira ngo habeho umwanya ukwiye wo koza umwuka w'amazi no kwinjiramo.
Shyiramo icyitegererezo: Shyira icyitegererezo cya silicone mu kibuno, ubuso bw'ikizamini bureba hejuru witonze ku gikombe cy'ikizamini kirimo desiccant kugira ngo urebe neza ko gifunga neza hagati y'icyitegererezo n'igikombe cy'ikizamini. Ubusanzwe, icyitegererezo gishyirwa ku gikombe cy'ikizamini hakoreshejwe gasket pressure na nut, kandi isano iri hagati y'icyitegererezo, gasket n'impeta y'umuvuduko ifunze ku ruhande hakoreshejwe kaseti ya vinyl kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere cyo hanze winjira cyangwa usohoka mu cyuho, bigatera ingaruka ku buryo ibisubizo by'ikizamini bihinduka. Kuri iyi ngingo, hakorwa ihuriro ryuzuye ry'icyitegererezo.
** Gutegura **: Shyira icyitegererezo cyakusanyijwe mu gipimo cy'igikoresho gipima ubushuhe, hanyuma ureke icyitegererezo gipimwe kandi gitose mu gihe cy'isaha 1 munsi y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byagenwe. Nyuma yo kurangiza gutoseza, fata icyitegererezo hanyuma ukishyire mu cyuma gitanga ubushuhe mu gihe cy'igice cy'isaha kugira ngo uhamye ubwiza n'imiterere y'icyitegererezo. Nyuma y'ibyo, ongera ugisubize mu gikoresho cyo gupima hanyuma ukore ikizamini cyemewe hakurikijwe igihe gisanzwe cyangwa cyemewe cyo gupima. Mu gihe cyo gupima, pima uburemere bw'icyitegererezo buri gihe kandi wandike impinduka z'uburemere uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Ibisubizo byo kubara: Dukurikije impinduka z'uburemere mbere na nyuma y'ikizamini, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo, igihe cy'ikizamini n'ibindi bipimo, simbura formula ijyanye nayo kugira ngo ubare igipimo cy'uburemere bw'ubushuhe nk'uburemere bw'ubushuhe bw'icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad. Urugero, niba igihe cy'ikizamini ari amasaha 24, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo ni santimetero kare 100, uburemere bwose bw'igikombe cy'ikizamini n'umuti wo koza amazi mbere y'ikizamini ni garama M1, naho uburemere bwose nyuma y'ikizamini ni garama M2, hanyuma uburemere bw'ubushuhe WVT = （（M1-M2）×10⁴）/(100×24) g/(m²·24h), aho 10⁴ ikoreshwa mu guhindura santimetero kare muri metero kare.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bwo gukurura ubushuhe (desiccant) bukwiriye mu gupima ibikoresho bya silicone hip pad bifite ibisabwa byinshi byo kuruhukiramo ubushuhe, cyane cyane iyo bibaye ngombwa kwigana imikorere y’ubushuhe bw’ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy’ikirere cyumye cyane. Ubu buryo bushobora kugaragaza neza ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bwo gukumira amazi yinjira mu kirere aturutse hanze mu gihe cyo kubikoresha. Urugero, iyo umukoresha ari mu nzu humutse, silicone hip pad igomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kuruhukiramo ubushuhe kugira ngo uruhu rubone amazi make, mu gihe hirindwa ko umwuka wumye ufata ubushuhe bw’uruhu cyane bigatuma uruhu rwuma. Byongeye kandi, ubu buryo bukwiriye no gupima ubushuhe bw’ibikoresho bya silicone hip pad cyangwa bifite agapira runaka kadapfukirana amazi, kuko bushobora kumenya neza ubushuhe bw’ibikoresho ndetse no mu gihe hari uruzitiro runaka rw’amazi.
(II) Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza)
Ihame: Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza) bugena uburyo amazi yinjira mu kibuno cya silicone binyuze mu gupima uburyo amazi agenda mu kibuno cya silicone anyura mu rugero rwa silicone mu bihe byagenwe. Amazi runaka ashyirwa mu gikombe cy'igerageza, hanyuma agapfundikirwa ku rugi rw'igerageza rwa silicone mu gufungura igikombe cy'igerageza maze agafungwa neza. Igikombe cyiza cy'igikombe cy'igerageza gishyirwa mu gipimo cy'igikoresho cyo gupima ubushuhe. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byagenwe, amazi azakomeza guhumeka no gukwirakwira mu bipimo mu bidukikije. Mu gupima buri gihe impinduka z'ubushuhe bw'igikombe cy'igerageza, uburemere bw'umwuka w'amazi unyura mu rugero kuri buri gice kuri buri gice burashobora kubarwa, hanyuma hakaboneka ibimenyetso nk'ubushuhe bushobora kuboneka.
Intambwe z'imikorere:
Tegura amazi yo gupima: Dukurikije ibisabwa na buri gipimo, koresha silinda yo gupima kugira ngo ushyire amazi afite ubushyuhe bumwe n’uko ibizamini bimeze. Urugero, niba ubushyuhe bw’aho ibizamini bipimirwa ari 25°C, shyiramo amazi kuri 25°C. Ingano y’amazi akoreshwa ikunze kugenwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’igikombe cy’ibizamini n’amahame abigenga. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa kugenzura ko uburebure bw’amazi bugera ku gipimo runaka cy’igikombe cy’ibizamini, nka 1/3 kugeza 1/2, kugira ngo hamenyekane ko hari amazi ahagije yo gushonga mu gihe cyo gupima no gukumira amazi kurenga igikombe cy’ibizamini.
Gushyiraho icyitegererezo: Shyira icyitegererezo cya silicone ku gikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo urebe neza ko gifunga neza hagati y'icyitegererezo n'igikombe cy'igerageza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, koresha gaskets, uduce twa kanda n'imbuto kugira ngo ukore icyitegererezo, kandi urebe neza niba gifunga neza kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi ava ku nkengero cyangwa umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere cyo hanze winjira mu gikombe cy'igerageza, bigahindura ukuri kw'ibisubizo by'ikizamini. Shyira igikombe cy'igerageza hamwe n'icyitegererezo cyashyizweho ahantu hapimirwa igikoresho gipima ubushuhe.
** Gutegura**: Reka igikombe cy'igerageza kiringanire munsi y'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje byagenwe mu gihe runaka, akenshi isaha imwe, kugira ngo icyitegererezo n'amazi bihuze n'imiterere y'ikirere cy'igerageza kandi bigere ku rugero rw'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje. Nyuma yo kurangiza, fata igikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo upime bwa mbere hanyuma wandike uburemere bwacyo bwa mbere M1.
Gupima no gupima: Subiza igikombe cy'ikizamini mu gipimo hanyuma ukipime buri gihe ukurikije igihe gisanzwe cyangwa cyemewe cy'ikizamini. Urugero, pima rimwe mu masaha 24 kandi wandike agaciro k'uburemere M2, M3, nibindi buri gihe. Barura amazi ahumeka ukurikije ihinduka ry'uburemere, hanyuma ubone ibimenyetso by'uburemere bw'ubushuhe nk'uburemere bw'ubushuhe. Dufashe ko igihe cy'ikizamini ari amasaha 24, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo ni santimetero kare 100, uburemere bw'ibanze ni garama M1, naho uburemere nyuma y'amasaha 24 ni garama M2, hanyuma uburemere bw'ubushuhe WVT = （（M1-M2）×10⁴）/(100×24) g/(m²2·4h).
Kubara ibisubizo: Ukurikije amakuru yabonetse, koresha formula ijyanye nayo kugira ngo ubare ibipimo by'ubushuhe nko kuba ubushuhe bw'agapira ka silicone kugira ngo upime imikorere y'ubushuhe bwayo.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi ahagaze mu gikombe) bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bwa silicone hip pads bwo kwimura neza umwuka uva ku ruhu mu kirere cyo hanze iyo uhuye n'uruhu mu bihe bisanzwe bikoreshwa. Ubu buryo bwo kugerageza bugaragaza uburyo silicone hip pads ihumeka mu buryo busanzwe iyo uruhu rw'umuntu ruhumeka ibyuya mu buryo busanzwe, bityo bukaba bukwiriye mu gusuzuma uburyo amazi ahumeka mu bicuruzwa byinshi bisanzwe bya silicone hip pads mu bihe bikoreshwa buri munsi. Urugero, kuri silicone hip pads zikoreshwa mu bitaro bisanzwe byo mu rugo, mu buvuzi no mu bindi bihe, ubu buryo bushobora kugaragaza neza uburyo bworoshye n'uburyo amazi ahumeka mu bikorwa nyabyo, bugafasha abakora n'abaguzi gusobanukirwa niba ibicuruzwa bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'umukoresha mu bidukikije muri rusange.
(III) Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi ahinnye mu gikombe)
Ihame: Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi y’igikombe cy’amazi ahinduriwe isura) busa n’uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima amazi y’igikombe, kandi bupima kandi uburyo amazi y’ibikombe by’igerageza anyuramo bitewe n’uko amazi y’ibikombe by’igerageza anyuramo. Itandukaniro ni uko igikombe cy’igerageza gishyirwa hasi muri ubu buryo. Nyuma y’uko amazi runaka ashyizwe mu gikombe cy’igerageza, icyitegererezo cya silicone y’ibikombe by’igerageza gipfundikirwa ku mwenge w’igikombe cy’igerageza maze kigafungwa neza. Hanyuma igikombe cy’igerageza gihindurirwa mu kirere cy’igerageza cy’igikoresho cy’igerageza cyo guhumeka amazi kugira ngo icyitegererezo gihure n’amazi. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byagenwe, amazi ahinduka ava mu gikombe cy’igerageza anyuze mu gipimo ajya mu kirere cyo hanze. Mu gupima buri gihe impinduka z’uburemere bw’igikombe cy’igerageza, uburemere bw’umwuka w’amazi unyura mu gipimo kuri buri gice cy’igerageza buri gihe buramenyekana, hanyuma hakamenyekana uburyo amazi y’ubushuhe n’ibindi bimenyetso.
Intambwe z'imikorere:
Tegura amazi yo gupima: Koresha amazi ku bushyuhe bumwe n’imiterere y’ikizamini hanyuma ushyire amazi mu gikombe cy’ikizamini neza ukoresheje silinda yo gupimisha. Ingano y’amazi igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’igikombe cy’ikizamini n’ibipimo bireba. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko iyo igikombe cy’ikizamini gihinduriwe isura, ubuso bw’amazi bushobora kugera ku rugero rwa silicone hip pad, ariko ntibizatera amazi menshi cyane munsi y’igikombe cy’ikizamini bitewe n’amazi menshi, bigira ingaruka ku buryo ibisubizo by’ikizamini bihinduka.
Shyiramo icyitegererezo: Shyiramo icyitegererezo cya silicone ku gikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo urebe ko gifunga neza. Koresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufunga kugira ngo ushyiremo icyitegererezo ku gikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi ava ku nkengero. Hanyuma shyira igikombe cy'igerageza ugishyire hasi mu gipimo cy'ikizamini cy'ubushuhe.
** Gutegura **: Reka igikombe cy'igerageza gihinduriwe isura gihuze n'ubushyuhe byagenwe mu gihe runaka, nk'isaha 1, kugira ngo icyitegererezo n'amazi bihuze n'imiterere y'ahantu hakorerwa isuzuma. Nyuma yo kuringaniza, fata igikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo upime bwa mbere hanyuma wandike uburemere bwa mbere bwa M1.
Gupima no gupima: Subiza igikombe cy'igerageza mu gipimo hanyuma ukipime buri gihe mu bihe byagenwe, nko kugipima rimwe mu masaha 24, wandike agaciro k'uburemere M2, M3, nibindi buri gihe. Barura amazi ahumeka ukurikije impinduka z'uburemere kugira ngo ubone ibipimo by'uburemere bw'uburemere nk'uburemere bw'uburemere bw'uburemere. Urugero, niba ubuso bw'icyitegererezo ari santimetero kare 100, uburemere bw'ibanze ni garama M1, naho uburemere nyuma y'amasaha 24 ni garama M2, noneho uburemere bw'uburemere WVT = （（M1-M2）×10⁴）/(100×24) g/(m²·24h).
Kubara ibisubizo: Koresha amakuru yapimwe kugira ngo ubare ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'agapira ka silicone hip pad ukurikije formula ijyanye nayo kugira ngo usuzume imikorere yako y'ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu kirere (igikombe cy'amazi gihinduriwe imvura) bukwiriye mu gupima ubushobozi bwo kubona amazi mu bice by'ubushuhe bwinshi, cyane cyane iyo umuntu yigana imiterere y'ibyuya by'abantu cyangwa kuba mu kirere gishyushye. Iyo igikombe cy'igerageza gihinduriwe imvura, icyitegererezo kiba kiri mu gice cy'amazi, maze umwuka w'amazi ukava ku ruhande aho icyitegererezo gihurira n'amazi ugana ku rundi ruhande, bikaba byegereye imiterere y'ubushobozi bwo kubona amazi mu gice cy'ubushuhe cya silicone iyo hari ibyuya byinshi byirundanyije ku ruhu mu buryo nyabwo. Urugero, mu bice bishyushye kandi bishyushye cyangwa nyuma y'uko umukoresha akoze imyitozo ikomeye, igice cy'ubushuhe cya silicone kigomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kubona amazi menshi kugira ngo gisohore ibyuya byinshi vuba kugira ngo uruhu rukomeze rwumye kandi rugire ubuzima bwiza. Ubu buryo bushobora kugaragaza neza ingaruka zo kubona amazi mu bice nk'ibyo, bugatanga ishingiro ryo gusuzuma imikorere y'ibicuruzwa mu bidukikije byihariye, kandi bugafasha abakora kunoza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa ku isoko ryihariye no kuzuza ibisabwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha.
(IV) Uburyo bwa Potasiyumu acetate
Ihame: Uburyo bwa potasiyumu acetate bukoresha imiterere y’umuvuduko w’amazi yuzuye ya potasiyumu acetate kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo amazi yinjira mu gice cy’ikibuno cya silicone. Shyira umuti wa potasiyumu acetate yuzuye mu gikombe cy’igerageza ku rugero rwa 2/3 by’uburebure bw’igikombe. Funga icyitegererezo cya silicone mu gice cy’ikibuno ku rugi rw’igikombe cy’igerageza, hanyuma uhindure igikombe cy’igerageza mu kigega cyuzuyemo amazi meza. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byagenwe, bitewe n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’umuvuduko w’amazi uri hejuru y’umuvuduko wa potasiyumu acetate n’umuvuduko w’amazi mu bipimo, umwuka w’amazi uzanyuzwa mu gice cy’ikibuno cya silicone. Mu gupima uburemere bwose bw’igikombe cy’igerageza mbere na nyuma y’ikizamini, igipimo cy’ubushuhe nk’ubushuhe bushobora kubarwa.
Intambwe z'imikorere:
Tegura umuti wa potasiyumu acetate: Tegura umuti wa potasiyumu acetate yuzuye ukurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe. Ubusanzwe, ingano runaka ya potasiyumu acetate ishongeshwa mu mazi meza kandi ikabyutswa buri gihe kugeza igihe umuti ugeze ku rugero rwuzuye, ni ukuvuga ko potasiyumu acetate itagishongeshwa. Menya neza ko umuti utunganye kandi utunganye kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri.
Tegura igikombe cyo gupima n'ikigega cy'amazi yo gupima: Suka umuti wa potasiyumu acetate wateguwe mu gikombe cy'igerageza kugeza kuri 2/3 by'uburebure bw'igikombe. Muri icyo gihe, ongeramo amazi meza akwiye mu kigega cy'amazi yo gupima kugira ngo urebe ko gishobora kurohama burundu mu gice cyo hasi cy'igikombe cyo gupima cyahinduwe.
Shyiramo icyitegererezo: Funga witonze icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad ku mfuruka y'igikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo urebe ko gifunga neza kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi ava ku nkengero cyangwa umwuka w'amazi uri mu kirere cyo hanze utinjira mu gikombe cy'igerageza. Shyira igikombe cy'igerageza gifunze ugishyire mu kigega cy'amazi cy'igerageza hanyuma ushyireho aho giherereye kugira ngo igikombe cy'igerageza gikomeze gukora neza ku gice cyo hasi cy'ikigega cy'amazi kugira ngo urebe ko umwuka w'amazi ushobora koherezwa neza binyuze mu kigega mu gihe cy'igerageza.
** Gutegura **: Nyuma y'iminota 15 yo guhindura, banza upime kandi wandike uburemere bwose bwa M1 bw'igikombe cy'igerageza. Iyi ntambwe ni ukugira ngo icyitegererezo n'igikombe cy'igerageza bibe bihamye mu gihe cy'igerageza no kugabanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ubunini bwa mbere riterwa no gushyira no gukoresha ibyavuye mu isuzuma.
Suzuma kandi upime: Nyuma yibyo, ongera upime uburemere bwose bw'igikombe cy'igerageza mu gihe runaka, urugero nko gupima rimwe mu minota 30 cyangwa isaha 1, hanyuma wandike agaciro k'uburemere M2, M3, nibindi buri gihe. Barura ubushyuhe bw'amazi bushingiye ku mpinduka z'uburemere, hanyuma ubone ibipimo by'uburemere bw'ubushuhe nk'uburemere bw'ubushuhe. Urugero, niba ubuso bw'icyitegererezo ari santimetero kare 100, uburemere bw'ibanze ni garama M1, naho uburemere nyuma y'igihe cy'igerageza ni garama M2, hanyuma uburemere bw'ubushuhe WVT = （））×10⁴）/(100×0.5) g/(m²·h).
Kubara ibisubizo: Hashingiwe ku makuru yapimwe, ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushuhe n'ibindi bipimo byo gupima ubushuhe bya silicone hip pad bibarwa hakoreshejwe formula ijyanye nayo kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bwayo.
Uburyo bukoreshwa: Uburyo bwa potasiyumu acetate burakwiriye mu gupima neza uburyo amazi yinjira mu biti bya silicone mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwihariye, cyane cyane iyo bibaye ngombwa kwigana uburyo amazi yinjira mu bikoresho biri mu bidukikije hafi y’umuvuduko w’amazi yuzuye. Kubera ko umuti wa potasiyumu acetate ufite umuvuduko w’amazi wihariye, ubu buryo bushobora gutanga ahantu hahamye ho gupima ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo hakoreshwe, bityo akenshi bukoreshwa mu kwiga imikorere ya silicone mu biti bya silicone mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko mu gupima ubushyuhe bw’ibiti bya silicone mu bidukikije bikoreshwa mu bidukikije bishyushye kandi bitose mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi cyangwa mu bihe bidasanzwe nko gutunganya ibiribwa bifite ibisabwa bikomeye by’ubushyuhe. Ubu buryo bushobora gusuzuma neza niba ibicuruzwa bikwiranye kandi byizewe muri ibi bidukikije bidasanzwe, bugaha abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa amakuru arambuye ku mikorere y’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bahuze n’ibyo abakiriya babo bishakiye mu nganda zabo.

4. Amahame n'igereranya ry'uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe mu bihugu bitandukanye
Ku isi yose, ibihugu bitandukanye n'uturere byashyizeho amahame yabyo ku buryo bwo gupima ubushuhe, cyane cyane harimo amahame y'igihugu cy'Ubushinwa (GB/T), amahame y'Umuryango w'Abanyamerika ushinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho (ASTM), amahame y'inganda y'Abayapani (JIS) n'amahame y'Abongereza (BS). Ibi bikurikira ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubushuhe muri aya mahame n'igereranya rigufi:
(I) Amahame ngenderwaho n'uburyo bujyanye nayo
Amabwiriza y'Igihugu cy'Ubushinwa (GB/T):
GB/T 12704.1: Igaragaza uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bw'imyenda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurura ubushuhe (desiccant). Ihame ryayo ryo gupima n'intambwe z'imikorere bisa n'uburyo bwo gukurura ubushuhe bwavuzwe haruguru. Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bitandukanye by'imyenda kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima ubushuhe bw'imyenda nk'iyo nka silicone hip pads.
GB/T 12704.2: Ikubiyemo uburyo bubiri bwo gupima, uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza yo mu gikombe) n'uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi yo mu gikombe ahinduriwe ibara), itanga amahitamo atandukanye yo gupima ubushobozi bw'ubushuhe bw'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika rishinzwe ibizamini n’ibikoresho (ASTM):
Uburyo bwa ASTM E96 A: Bungana n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri (desiccant), bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima imikorere y'umwuka w'amazi mu bikoresho, bukoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi bushobora no gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi bw'amazi mu bice bya silikoni.
Uburyo bwa ASTM E96 B: Bujyanye n'uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi gihinduriwe ibara), bukwiriye gupima ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi, kandi bukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda z'imyenda, iz'uruhu n'izindi nganda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Uburyo bwa ASTM E96 C na E: Bujyanye kandi n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe n'uburyo bwo guhumeka, butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima kugira ngo buhuze n'ibikenewe mu gupima ibikoresho bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha.
Amabwiriza y'inganda y'Abayapani (JIS):
JIS L 1099 A-1: ​​Ijyanye n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri (desiccant), bukoreshwa mu gupima ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mwenda mu mubiri, bugira uruhare runini mu nganda z'imyenda n'imyenda mu Buyapani, kandi bukwiriye no mu isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mubiri mu bikoresho nka silicone hip pads.
JIS L 1099 A-2 na B-1, B-2: Bijyanye n'uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza) n'uburyo bwo gupima potasiyumu, bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ibikoresho bifite imiterere itandukanye, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi ku bikoresho no kugenzura ubuziranenge mu Buyapani.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Ubwongereza (BS):
BS 7209: igaragaza uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bw'imyenda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza), bukoreshwa cyane mu igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'imyenda n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano nayo mu Bwongereza, kandi bushobora no gutanga icyitegererezo ku igeragezwa ry'ubushuhe bw'imyenda ya silicone.
(II) Kugereranya
Itandukaniro mu miterere y’ibizamini: Hari itandukaniro mu miterere y’ibizamini byavuzwe mu bipimo bitandukanye. Urugero, mu bijyanye n’ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bw’ibizamini by’uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe bwavuzwe muri GB/T 12704.1 muri rusange ni 25℃, mu gihe ubushyuhe bw’ibizamini by’uburyo bwa ASTM E96 A bushobora gutandukana mu buryo bwinshi, nko kuri 23℃ kugeza kuri 27℃, bitewe n’ibikoresho n’uburyo bikoreshwa. Mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubushuhe, ubushuhe bw’ahantu ho gupima ubushuhe bwa JIS L 1099 A-1 busanzwe buri hafi 40% RH, mu gihe ubushuhe bw’ibizamini bya GB/T 12704.1 bushobora kuba 65% RH, nibindi. Ibi byiciro bitandukanye by’ibizamini bizatuma habaho ibisubizo bitandukanye by’ibizamini by’ibikoresho bimwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bitandukanye, bityo ingaruka z’imiterere y’ibizamini zigomba kwitabwaho mu kugereranya ibisubizo bitandukanye by’ibizamini.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima bufite intego zitandukanye: uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi mu kirere (desiccant) bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho mu kirere cyumye no gukumira ko umwuka winjira mu mazi; uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi cyiza) bwibanda ku kwigana ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo gusohora umwuka w'amazi imbere mu gihe gisanzwe; itegeko ryo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi gihinduriwe isura) ryegereye ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho mu gihe bihuye n'amazi mu kirere gifite ubushuhe bwinshi; itegeko rya acetate ya potasiyumu ritanga uburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi bw'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi. Uburyo bwo gupima buri mu bipimo bitandukanye bufite intego zitandukanye kandi bukwiriye ikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye no mu isuzuma ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho.
Itandukaniro mu mikorere y'amakuru: Imiterere y'amakuru ku bipimo by'ubushuhe mu bihugu bitandukanye nayo iratandukanye. Urugero, ibipimo bya GB/T bikunze kuranga uburyo ibikoresho bihuzwa n'ubushuhe hakoreshejwe ibipimo nka ubushuhe (WVT), ubushuhe (WVP) n'uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe, kandi bigasobanura formula n'ibipimo byabyo; Ibipimo bya ASTM nabyo bikoresha imikoreshereze y'amakuru isa, ariko hashobora kubaho itandukaniro mu guhindura ibice no gutunganya imibare myinshi; Ibipimo bya JIS, uretse gutanga ibipimo bisanzwe nka ubushuhe, binatanga ibisabwa birambuye kugira ngo ibisubizo by'ibizamini bibe ukuri kandi bisubirwemo mu buryo bumwe na bumwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ko amakuru y'ibizamini ari ay'ukuri kandi agereranywa. Aya matandukaniro ashobora kuzana ikiguzi cy'itumanaho mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Kubwibyo, mu gihe uganira n'abaguzi cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa mu bindi bihugu, ni ngombwa gusobanura ibipimo n'imikoreshereze y'amakuru bikoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe kutumvikana no kutumvikana.
Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, guhitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukoresha mu gupima ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads akenshi biterwa n'isoko ryihariye n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye ku bicuruzwa. Niba ibicuruzwa ari iby'isoko ry'Ubushinwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu cy'Ubushinwa (GB/T) bigomba gukoreshwa mu gupima mbere na mbere kugira ngo bihuze n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge bw'imbere mu gihugu n'ibisabwa n'amategeko; kuri silicone hip pads zoherezwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ni byiza kuzipima hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM, kuko isoko rya Amerika ryemerwa cyane n'ibipimo ngenderwaho kandi Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko muri uru rwego. Gukoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM bishobora guhuza neza na sisitemu zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'aho n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda, no kunoza imenyekana ry'ibicuruzwa no guhangana ku isoko rya Amerika; niba ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Buyapani, bigomba kugeragezwa hakurikijwe Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Ubuyapani (JIS) kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo bworoshye ku isoko n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo birebe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kugurishwa no gukoreshwa neza ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani; ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Bwongereza no mu bindi bihugu by'i Burayi, Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Ubwongereza (BS) n'ibindi bipimo ngenderwaho by'Uburayi (nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya EN) bifite agaciro gakomeye. Gupima hakoreshejwe aya mahame bizafasha mu kwamamaza ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry'i Burayi no kubahiriza ibisabwa mu kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'aho biherereye. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'intego y'ikizamini bigomba gusuzumwa neza. Urugero, kuri bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya silicone hip pad byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo amazi yegere, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha amahame menshi mu gupima icyarimwe kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa kandi huzuze ibisabwa bikomeye n'abakiriya batandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha, kugira ngo hashyirweho ishusho nziza y'ibicuruzwa n'izina ryiza ku isoko mpuzamahanga no gukurura abantu benshi n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi.

5. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini byo gupima ubushuhe n'aho bigenzurwa
Kugira ngo harebwe neza kandi hizewe ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo gupima ubushuhe byaikibuno cya siliconepads, ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka bigomba kugenzurwa neza mu gihe cy'ikizamini. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka n'ingingo zijyanye nabyo:
(I) Imiterere y'ahantu hakorerwa isuzuma
Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cyo gukwirakwiza kw'umwuka w'amazi. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ingufu z'umwuka w'amazi ziyongera kandi igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza kikiyongera, bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Kubwibyo, ikizamini kigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe neza imiterere y'ubushyuhe yavuzwe mu gipimo cyatoranijwe cyo gupima, kandi ubushyuhe bw'ikirere gipima bugomba kuba buhamye kandi bungana. Urugero, iyo ukoresheje igipimo cya GB/T 12704.1 cyo gupima ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere gipima bugomba kuba (25±1)℃. Laboratwari y'ikizamini igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bihamye, nk'icyumba gipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihoraho, kandi ibikoresho bigomba gupimwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe neza kandi bihamye byo kugenzura ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cy'ikizamini, irinde ibintu byo hanze (nk'izuba ryinshi, imirasire y'ubushyuhe, nibindi) bibangamira ubushyuhe bw'ikirere gipima kugira ngo urebe ko ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe riri mu rugero rwemewe rw'amakosa. Kugenzura ubushuhe: Ubushuhe nabwo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ikizamini cyo gupima ubushuhe. Mu bipimo, ubushuhe bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’amazi mu kirere, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’amazi unyura mu gice cy’ikibuno cya silicone. Urugero, mu isuzuma ry’uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza mu gikombe), ubushuhe bwinshi mu kirere buzagabanya itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’amazi mu gikombe cy’igerageza imbere no hanze yacyo, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko w’amazi mu kirere n’ubushuhe bwo kwinjira mu mazi. Kubwibyo, ubushuhe mu kirere cy’igerageza bugomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo buhuze n’ibisabwa bisanzwe. Urugero, ubushuhe mu kirere cy’igerageza ry’uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi ahinnye mu gikombe) buvugwa muri ASTM E96 Uburyo B muri rusange ni (50±5)% RH. Uretse gukoresha ibikoresho nk’icyumba cy’igerageza cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe buhoraho kugira ngo hagenzurwe ubushuhe, ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushuhe n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura bigomba gupimwa buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza amakuru y’ubushuhe. Byongeye kandi, gufungura no gufunga kenshi ibikoresho by’igerageza cyangwa urugi rwa laboratwari bigomba kwirindwa mu gihe cy’isuzuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yinjira cyangwa gutakaza ubushuhe bwo hanze bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushuhe bw’ikirere cy’igerageza, bigatuma ibisubizo by’isuzuma bihinduka.
(II) Gutegura no gutunganya icyitegererezo
Uburyo ingero zigaragara: Ingero za silicone hip pad zatoranijwe zigomba kuba zigaragaza neza kandi zishobora kugaragaza urwego rw'ubwiza rusange n'ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa. Mu gihe cyo gupima, ingero nyinshi zigomba gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye mu bwoko bumwe bw'ibicuruzwa, kandi hagomba kugaragara neza ko isura y'ingero nta nenge zigaragara (nk'uduce, imyobo, irangi ritaringaniye, nibindi), kandi ingano yujuje ibisabwa mu isuzuma. Urugero, niba igipimo cy'isuzuma gisaba ko umurambararo w'ingero ari 100mm, hagomba gukoreshwa icyuma cyihariye gipima ingero nyinshi zizengurutse zifite umurambararo wa 100mm mu bice bitandukanye bya silicone hip pad, kandi imiterere n'ingano by'izi ngero bigomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi ingero zidahuye n'ibisabwa zigomba gukurwaho kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko ibisubizo by'isuzuma bishobora kwerekana neza ubushuhe bw'itsinda ry'ibicuruzwa.
Ingero zo kuvura mbere y’ibizamini: Mbere yo gupima, ingero zisanzwe zigomba kuvurwa mbere y’igihe, urugero nko kuringaniza ubushuhe. Shyira ingero munsi y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe byagenwe mu gihe runaka kugira ngo habeho uburinganire bungana, kugira ngo hakurweho ingaruka z’ubushuhe bushobora kubaho mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ku bisubizo by’ibizamini. Urugero, nk’uko GB/T 12704.2 ibiteganya, ingero zigomba kuvurwa mbere y’igihe mu kirere kiri hagati ya (25±2)℃ na (65±2)% RH mu gihe kirenze amasaha 24 mbere yo gupima. Mu gihe cyo gupima mbere y’ibizamini, ingero zigomba gushyirwa ahantu hahumeka neza kandi hatapfutse kugira ngo buri ngero ishobore gukora ku mwuka wo mu kirere no kugera ku buringanire bw’ubushuhe. Muri icyo gihe, andika igihe n’imiterere y’ibizamini byo kuvura mbere y’ibizamini kugira ngo umenye neza ko uburyo bwo kuvura mbere y’ibizamini buhuye kandi bushobora gusubiramo.
(III) Ubuziranenge n'uburyo ibikoresho byo gupima bipimwa neza
Ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo gupima: Mu gihe cyo gupima ubushyuhe, guhindura uburemere bw'igikombe cy'ikizamini bigomba gupimwa neza, bityo ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ni ingenzi cyane. Ingano y'ikoranabuhanga igezweho ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ikizamini. Urugero, mu buryo bwo gupima nko gukoresha ubushyuhe (desiccant) no gukoresha amazi mu gikombe (amazi meza), impinduka y'ubunini ishobora kuba miligarama nke gusa kugeza kuri miligarama icumi, bityo ubuziranenge bw'ingano y'ikoranabuhanga ikoreshwa bugomba kuba nibura 0.1mg kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko impinduka nto y'ubunini ishobora gupimwa neza, bityo hakongerwa ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo nk'ubushyuhe. Muri icyo gihe, ingano y'ikoranabuhanga igomba gupimwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe, kandi igapimwa hakoreshejwe uburemere busanzwe kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n'ubwizerwe bw'ibipimo byayo. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo gupima, ingaruka z'ibintu nk'umwuka n'ihindagurika ry'ubugari bigomba kwirindwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n'ituze by'ibidukikije bipima.
Gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe: Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, uburyo ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihagaze neza bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibidukikije bipimirwa. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe nk'ibyumba bipima ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bigomba gupimwa buri gihe, kandi ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byemejwe na metrologie bigomba gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe kugira ngo harebwe ko agaciro k'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe yerekanwa n'ibikoresho bipima gahuye n'agaciro k'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu bidukikije nyabyo. Muri icyo gihe, genzura niba sisitemu zo gukonjesha, gushyushya, gukurura ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho zikora neza, kandi uhite uvumbura kandi ukemure ibibazo by'ibikoresho kugira ngo umenye neza ko ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihagaze neza mu gihe cy'igeragezwa.
(IV) Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe
Imikorere yo gushyiraho: Mu gushyiraho icyitegererezo n'igikombe cy'igerageza, intambwe zo gukoresha zigomba gukurikizwa neza kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ishyirwaho rifunze neza kandi ritunganye. Urugero, mu buryo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe (desiccant), ingano ya desiccant, intera iri hagati y'icyitegererezo n'icyitegererezo, ndetse n'ubugari bw'ishyirwa ry'icyitegererezo byose bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini. Hagomba kugenzurwa ko ingano ya desiccant yujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe (nka 35g), icyitegererezo n'ubuso bw'icyitegererezo biguma ku ntera ya mm 4, kandi icyitegererezo gishyirwaho kidasa neza nta minkanyari kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka utaringaniye cyangwa ko habaho guhuza neza hagati y'icyitegererezo n'icyitegererezo bitewe no gushyiraho nabi, bityo bigira ingaruka ku nzira yo kohereza umwuka w'amazi n'ukuri kw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, igikorwa kigomba kuba gito kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika cyangwa guhinduka bitari ngombwa ku cyitegererezo, hamenyekane ko icyitegererezo ari cyiza kandi ko ikizamini kigira akamaro.
Kugenzura igihe cy’ikizamini: Igihe cy’ikizamini kizagira ingaruka ku bisubizo by’ikizamini cyo kwinjira kw’amazi. Ibipimo bitandukanye by’ikizamini bifite amabwiriza atandukanye ku gihe cy’ikizamini, kandi akenshi igihe runaka cyo gupima kirakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane ko amakuru ahamye kandi agaragara neza. Urugero, igihe cy’ikizamini cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi muri GB/T 12704.1 muri rusange ni amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga, mu gihe igihe cy’ikizamini cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza) gishobora kuba hagati y’amasaha 24 na 72 bitewe n’uko ikizamini cyo kwinjira kw’amazi gihagaze. Mu gihe cy’ikizamini, igihe cy’ikizamini cyavuzwe mu gipimo kigomba gukurikizwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikizamini kirangira hakiri kare cyane cyangwa nyuma cyane, bigatuma amakuru atari yo cyangwa adafite aho ahuriye n’ibipimo. Muri icyo gihe, mu gihe cy’ikizamini, igihe runaka cyo gupima buri gupima kigomba kwandikwa kugira ngo harebwe ko igihe cy’ikizamini gihoraho kugira ngo hongerwe icyizere n’isubiramo ry’ibisubizo.
Byongeye kandi, hari ibindi bintu nko gusukura igikombe cy’igerageza, ubuziranenge n’imikorere y’icyuma gisukura amazi, ndetse n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi nabyo bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by’ikizamini. Mbere yo gupima, igikombe cy’igerageza kigomba gusukurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwanda usigara wabangamira inzira yo kwinjira mu mwuka w’amazi; menya neza ko ubuziranenge bw’icyuma gisukura amazi bwujuje ibisabwa kandi kikayumutsa neza mbere yo gukoresha kugira ngo kimenye neza ko gifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi; koresha amazi meza cyangwa amazi yakuwemo iayoni nk’amazi yo gupima kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwanda uri mu mazi ugira ingaruka ku ihuma no ku ikwirakwira ry’amazi mu mwuka w’amazi, bityo bigaragare ko ibisubizo by’ikizamini cyo kwinjira mu mwuka w’amazi ari ukuri kandi ari inyangamugayo.

6. Uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ubushuhe
Kubera uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ibipimo ngenderwaho, nk'ukora cyangwa umugenzuzi w'ubuziranenge bwa silicone hip pads, uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima buba ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no guhaza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uhitamo uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe:
(I) Imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa
Ikoreshwa rya buri munsi: Niba agapira ka silicone kibuno gakoreshwa cyane cyane mu bihe bya buri munsi nko kwita ku rugo muri rusange, ubufasha bwiza ku bakozi bo mu biro bicaye, nibindi, uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cyuzuye cy'amazi) bushobora kuba amahitamo meza kurushaho. Kubera ko muri iki gihe, akazi k'umukoresha ni gato kandi ingano y'ibyuya ku ruhu ni nto, uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cyuzuye cy'amazi) bushobora kwigana ubushobozi bwa silicone kibuno bwo gusohora umwuka w'amazi uva ku ruhu munsi y'ubushuhe busanzwe. Ibisubizo byayo mu isuzuma bishobora kugaragaza neza uburyo amazi yinjira mu gicuruzwa mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi, bigafasha abakora gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishobore guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha benshi ba buri munsi.
Ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa imikino: Ku bijyanye n'udupira twa silicone dukoreshwa ahantu hashyushye kandi hatose cyangwa mu kuvugurura imikino n'ibindi, uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi gihinduriwe isura) cyangwa uburyo bwa potassium acetate bushobora gukoreshwa cyane. Muri ibi bihe, umukoresha abira ibyuya byinshi kandi ubushuhe ku ruhu buba bwinshi. Agapira ka silicone gakeneye kugira ubushuhe bwinshi kugira ngo gashobore guhangana n'ubushuhe bwinshi buvamo. Uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi gihinduriwe isura) bushobora kwigana ubushuhe bujya mu bihe nk'ibi by'ubushuhe bwinshi, mu gihe uburyo bwa potassium acetate butanga ahantu ho gupima hafi y'umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye. Amakuru y'ubushuhe aboneka muri ubu buryo bubiri ashobora gusuzuma neza imikorere y'umusaruro mu bihe byihariye, agatanga ubuyobozi bugamije imiterere n'ivugurura ry'umusaruro, kugira ngo hahuzwe ibyo umukoresha akeneye mu bidukikije byihariye kandi anonosore ipiganwa ry'umusaruro ku isoko.
(II) Ibisabwa n'abakiriya n'amahame agenga isoko
Ibisabwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurishije ibintu byinshi: Abaguzi mpuzamahanga batandukanye bagurishije ibintu byinshi bashobora kuba bafite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku buryo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa bya silicone hip pads hashingiwe ku mategeko n'amabwiriza, amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda ndetse na sisitemu zabo zo kugenzura ubuziranenge mu bihugu byabo. Urugero, abaguzi bo muri Amerika bashobora guhitamo gukoresha amahame ya ASTM mu gupima. Kubwibyo, mu gihe bakorana n'abakiriya ku isoko rya Amerika, hagomba kwitabwaho gukoresha uburyo bwo gupima mu bipimo ngenderwaho bireba nka ASTM E96, nka Method B (uburyo bwo guhumeka (inverted cup of water)), nibindi, kugira ngo buzuze ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa na raporo z'ibizamini, binjire ku isoko rya Amerika neza kandi bashyireho umubano urambye kandi uhamye w'ubufatanye.
Amahame ngenderwaho ku isoko: Niba ibicuruzwa byoherezwa ku isoko ry’i Burayi ahanini, Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Ubwongereza (BS) n’andi mahame ngenderwaho y’i Burayi (nk’amahame ngenderwaho ya EN) bigomba kwibandwaho. Urugero, uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy’amazi) bwavuzwe mu Mahame Ngenderwaho y’Ubwongereza BS 7209 bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’imyenda yo mu Burayi n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano. Gupima hakoreshejwe aya mahame bizafasha ibicuruzwa kuzuza ibisabwa ku buziranenge no kugera ku masoko y’i Burayi, kunoza kwakira no guhangana kw’ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’i Burayi, no guteza imbere kugurisha no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa.
(III) Imiterere y'ibikoresho
Ubunini n'ubucucike: Ku biti bya silikoni binini cyangwa binini cyane, uburyo bwo gufata amazi mu kibuno (desiccant) bushobora kuba bwiza kurushaho. Kubera ko ibikoresho binini bishobora kugira ubudahangarwa bukomeye n'umwuka w'amazi winjira, uburyo bwo gufata amazi mu kibuno bushobora kumenya neza impinduka nto mu kwinjira k'umwuka w'amazi mu bikoresho mu kirere cyumye, bityo bigasuzuma ubushobozi bwawo bwo kwinjira. Urugero, bimwe mu biti bya silikoni bifite urwego rwo gupfuka amazi runini rukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi bifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi mu kibuno gito. Uburyo bwo gufata amazi mu kibuno bushobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwinjira mu mazi mu gihe cy'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi muke, bigatanga amakuru nyayo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.
Gutunganya no gusiga hejuru: Iyo agapira ka silicone gakoresheje uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya cyangwa gusiga hejuru kugira ngo gahabwe imiterere yihariye (nk'amazi adapfa, antibacterial, nibindi), bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo amazi adapfa. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima hashingiwe ku miterere y'uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu gutunganya hejuru n'imiterere y'agapira. Urugero, kuri silicone hip pads ifite agapira kadapfa, uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza) bushobora kubangamira ubwo buryo, bigatuma haboneka ibisubizo bike by'ikizamini, mu gihe uburyo bwo gukamura ubushuhe bushobora kugaragaza neza ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo gukumira ko amazi yinjira mu kirere cyumye. Ubundi buryo, bitewe n'imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'agapira, ubundi buryo bwihariye bwo gupima cyangwa impinduka zikwiye ku buryo busanzwe bushobora gusabwa kugira ngo harebwe neza uburyo amazi adapfa kandi hamenyekane ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kugumana ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukabya mu gihe byujuje ibisabwa byihariye kandi bihuze n'ibyo umukoresha yiteze.
(IV) Igiciro n'igihe cyo gupima
Ingengo y'imari: Uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubushuhe butandukanye mu bijyanye no kugura ibikoresho, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bikoreshwa, n'uburyo bwo gukora, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gupima gitandukana. Urugero, ibikoresho bikenewe mu buryo bwo gupima ubushuhe (desiccant) biroroshye cyane, cyane cyane desiccant, igikombe cyo gupima, n'ibikoresho byo gupima, kandi ikiguzi cyo gupima ni gito; mu gihe uburyo bwa acetate ya potasiyumu busaba gukoresha ibinyabutabire bya potassium acetate n'ibigega by'amazi byihariye byo gupima n'ibindi bikoresho, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini. Mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima, ugomba guhitamo neza ukurikije ingengo y'imari yawe bwite. Ku nganda nto cyangwa ibigo bishya, niba ingengo y'imari ari nto kandi ibicuruzwa bidafite ibisabwa byinshi byo gupima ubushuhe, bashobora guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima buhendutse nko gukoresha ubushuhe (desiccant) mu kugenzura ubuziranenge; mu gihe ku bigo binini cyangwa abakora ibicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bafite ibisabwa bikomeye ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo basuzume neza kandi neza ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa, nubwo ikiguzi cyo gupima cyaba kiri hejuru, bashobora guhitamo uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima burambuye.
Igihe gisabwa: Igihe cyo gupima ni kimwe mu bintu bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe. Uburyo bumwe bwo gupima bufite uruziga rurerure rw'ibizamini, nk'uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe (desiccant) n'uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu gikombe (amazi meza), ubusanzwe bifata amasaha 24 cyangwa arenga kugira ngo haboneke amakuru ahamye kandi yizewe; mu gihe uburyo bwa potassium acetate bufite igihe gito cyo gupima, ubusanzwe bushobora kurangira mu masaha make. Niba ikigo gikeneye kubona ibisubizo by'ibizamini vuba mu gihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa cyangwa kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo gihindure inzira yo gukora mu gihe cyangwa gisubize amabwiriza yihutirwa y'abakiriya, byaba byiza guhitamo uburyo bufite igihe gito cyo gupima. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko uburyo bufite igihe gito cyo gupima bushobora kutagaragaza neza impinduka mu bushuhe bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Kubwibyo, mu gihe uhisemo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma isano iri hagati y'igihe cyo gupima n'uburyo ibisubizo bigaragazwa, no gufata ibyemezo hashingiwe ku bikenewe by'umushinga n'igihe bisabwa.

VII. Isesengura ry'ibizamini by'ukuri
Kugira ngo hagaragazwe neza ikoreshwa ry'uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubushuhe mu gupima silicone hip pad n'itandukaniro ry'ibisubizo, ibi bikurikira bitanga isesengura nyaryo ry'ikizamini:
(I) Isuzuma ry'ibizamini
Uruganda rukora silicone hip pad rwakoze ubwoko bushya bwa silicone hip pad ifite elastic cyane, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’ubuvuzi, kugira ngo ifashe abarwayi bamara igihe kirekire baryamye ku buriri n’abarwayi bavuwe nyuma yo kubagwa kugira ngo birinde ibisebe byo mu mutwe no gutanga uburambe bwo kuyikoresha neza. Uruganda rwizeye gusuzuma uburyo amazi yinjira mu mubiri kugira ngo rurebe ko ikoreshwa neza kandi ikoroheye mu buvuzi.
(II) Guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima
Hashingiwe ku buryo bwo gukoresha icyo gicuruzwa (kuvura abarwayi, abarwayi bashobora kumara igihe kirekire mu buriri, kandi uruhu rwabo rushobora kwangirika n'ubushuhe kandi bigatera ibisebe ku muvuduko w'amaraso) ndetse n'isoko ryibandwaho (cyane cyane mu Burayi no mu Buyapani), uruganda ruhitamo gukoresha uburyo butatu bukurikira bwo gupima ubushuhe:
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe (desiccant): Byageragejwe hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T 12704.1 kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa bushobora kwinjira mu kirere cyumye n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukumira ko umwuka w'amazi winjira mu kirere cyo hanze, biganisha ku ikoreshwa ry'ahantu humutse mu byumba by'ubuvuzi mu gihe cy'itumba.
Uburyo bwo gusuka amazi mu gikombe: Byageragejwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwa ASTM E96 B, bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma uburyo amazi yinjira mu gikoresho mu kirere gifite ubushuhe bwinshi (nk'igihe cy'impeshyi cyangwa igihe umurwayi abira ibyuya byinshi), biganisha ku buryo amazi yinjira mu gikoresho cya silicone nyuma yo kubira ibyuya.
Uburyo bwa Potasiyumu acetate: Bwageragejwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwa JIS L 1099 B-1 kugira ngo harebwe neza niba ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa bushobora kwinjira mu kirere mu bihe biri hafi y'umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye, bwujuje ibisabwa bikomeye ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, kandi bugatanga inkunga y'amakuru kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byinjire ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani.
(III) Ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'isesengura
Ibisubizo by'uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri (desiccant): Ibisubizo by'ikizamini bigaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri wa silicone ari 3.5g / (m² · 24h). Ibi birerekana ko ahantu humutse, iki gicuruzwa gifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mubiri, bushobora kubuza umwuka wumutse uturutse hanze kwinjiza amazi menshi mu mubiri, mu gihe bigatuma amazi make asohoka mu mubiri asohoka, ibi bifasha uruhu rw'umurwayi kugumana amazi make kandi bikagabanya ububabare n'ibyago byo kugira ibisebe biterwa n'uruhu rwumye.
Ibisubizo by'uburyo bwo guhumeka (gusuka igikombe cy'amazi): Uburyo amazi yinjira mu kibuno bupimwe ni 12.8g/(m²·24h). Ibi bigaragaza ko mu gihe cy'ubushuhe bwinshi, nko mu gihe umurwayi abira ibyuya byinshi, agapira ka silicone mu kibuno gashobora gusohora ibyuya vuba ku ruhu, bigatuma uruhu rwumuka, kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibisebe biterwa no gukora ku ruhu igihe kirekire ahantu hashyushye, no kuzuza ibisabwa byinshi by'abarwayi kugira ngo amazi yinjira mu kibuno mu gihe cyo kuvura indwara.
Ibisubizo by'uburyo bwa potasiyumu acetate: Uburyo amazi yinjiramo ni 10.2g/(m²·24h). Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko iki gicuruzwa kigifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza mu kirere kiri hafi y'umuvuduko w'amazi yuzuye, ibi bikaba byemeza ko gikoreshwa mu bidukikije byihariye bifite ubushuhe bwinshi (nk'ibyumba bishyushye kandi bitose byo kuvura, nibindi), byujuje ubuziranenge n'imikorere y'isoko ry'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'Ubuyapani, kandi bitanga inkunga ikomeye ya tekiniki mu kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani.
(IV) Umwanzuro n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye
Mu kugereranya ibyavuye mu buryo butatu butandukanye bwo gupima, uwakoze ikizamini afata imyanzuro ikurikira:
Iyi silicone hip pad nshya ifite ubushobozi bwo koroshya amazi mu bihe bitandukanye by’ibidukikije, kandi ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n’isoko ry’ubuvuzi mu rwego rwo koroshya no gukumira ibisebe bikabije.
Ibisubizo by'uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima byuzuzanya kandi bigaragaza neza imikorere y'ubushuhe bw'umusaruro mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuwukoresha. Ibisubizo by'uburyo bwo gufata ubushuhe (desiccant) bigaragaza ko umusaruro ukoreshwa ahantu humutse; uburyo bwo guhumeka (igikombe cy'amazi) n'uburyo bwa acetate ya potasiyumu bigaragaza ibyiza byabwo ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi, bitanga inkunga yuzuye y'amakuru yo kwamamaza no gukoresha isoko ry'umusaruro.
Hashingiwe kuri iyi myanzuro, uruganda rwafashe icyemezo cyo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa ku masoko y’i Burayi n’i Buyapani, kandi rwanditse ibyavuye mu buryo butatu bwo kugerageza mu buryo burambuye mu bikoresho byo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa na raporo z’ubuziranenge kugira ngo rwongere icyizere n’imenyekana ry’abaguzi mpuzamahanga mu bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, ibi bisubizo by’ibizamini binatanga ibimenyetso by’ingenzi byo kunoza ibicuruzwa nyuma no gukora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere. Urugero, abakora bashobora kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya silikoni hashingiwe ku makuru y’ibizamini kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushuhe bw’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze n’ibipimo byo hejuru by’ibyifuzo by’isoko n’ibyo abakiriya biteze.

7. Incamake
Nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'imikorereudupira twa silikoni tw'ikibuno, ukuri n'ubwizerwe bw'uburyo bwo gupima bifitanye isano itaziguye n'isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'ihangana ry'isoko. Mu gusobanukirwa neza igitekerezo cy'ubushyuhe, ibipimo by'imiterere, n'amahame, intambwe z'imikorere n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima, abakora bashobora guhitamo neza uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima kugira ngo basuzume ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bishobora guhaza ibyo umukoresha akeneye mu bihe bitandukanye byo kubikoresha. Muri icyo gihe, kumenya amahame n'igereranya ry'uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe mu bihugu bitandukanye bizafasha amasosiyete gushyiraho itumanaho ryiza n'ubufatanye n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga ku isoko mpuzamahanga no kubahiriza amahame y'ubuziranenge n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye mu bihugu bitandukanye n'uturere.
Byongeye kandi, kugenzura neza ibintu bigira ingaruka ku igeragezwa ry’ubushuhe, nk'imiterere y’aho igeragezwa ribera, gutegura no gutunganya icyitegererezo, gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo gupima no kubipima, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima bukurikije amategeko, ni ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo nyabyo kandi byizewe by’ibizamini. Binyuze mu isesengura ry’ibizamini nyabyo, tubona kandi akamaro k’uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima mu gusuzuma ubushuhe bw’ibicanwa bya silicone, biha ibigo uburambe bw’ingirakamaro mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, kugenzura ubuziranenge no guteza imbere isoko.