Isuzuma ry'ubushyuhe bw'ibitambaro bya silicone: uburyo n'imikorere
Ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya none, utwuma twa silicone hip dukundwa n'abaguzi benshi kubera ihumure ryatwo, kuramba kwatwo ndetse n'imikorere yatwo. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibintu byinshi, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburyo utwuma twa silicone hip duto duto duto duto duto duto duto, kuko bifitanye isano itaziguye n'uburyo utwuma duto duto dukoreshwa. Utwuma twa silicone hip duto duto duto duto duto duto dushobora kwirukana ubushuhe, bigatuma amatako yumuka, kandi tukirinda ibibazo nk'indwara ya eczema, cyane cyane ku bantu bicaye cyangwa baryamye igihe kirekire. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads mu buryo burambuye kugira ngo bigufashe gusuzuma neza no guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza.

1. Ihame ry'ikizamini cyo gupima ubushuhe
Gupima ubushuhe bivuga ubushobozi bw'ikintu bwo kwemerera umwuka w'amazi kunyura hejuru yacyo. Ku bijyanye n'udupira twa silicone, ikizamini cyo gusuzuma ubushuhe ni ukureba uburyo umwuka w'amazi unyura mu bikoresho bya silicone mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Ihame ry'ibanze ry'ikizamini rishingiye ku gukwirakwira k'umwuka w'amazi uva ku ruhande rufite ubushuhe bwinshi ukagera ku ruhande rufite ubushuhe buke bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko ku mpande zombi z'ibikoresho. Mu kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'umuvuduko w'umuyaga w'ahantu hakorerwa ikizamini, uburyo nyabwo bwo gukoresha bushobora kwiganwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ubushuhe bw'agapira ka silicone.

2. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubushuhe
(I) Uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe (umuti wo koza amazi)
Kwitegura ikizamini
Hitamo umuti ukwiye wo gusukura amazi, ubusanzwe ufite calcium chloride idakora, ufite ingano iri hagati ya mm 0.63 na 2.5. Shyira umuti wo gusukura amazi mu ifuru kuri dogere 160 mu gihe cy'amasaha 3 kugira ngo wumuke neza kugira ngo ubashe kwinjiza umwuka w'amazi neza.
Tegura igikombe cy'igerageza gisukuye kandi cyumye hanyuma ushyiremo garama 35 z'umuti wo konjesha. Kungura witonze igikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo umuti wo konjesha uhinduke ahantu hatandukanye, kandi ubuso bwacyo bugomba kuba buri munsi ya mm 4 ugereranije n'icyitegererezo kugira ngo habeho umwanya uhagije wo gusiga icyitegererezo kandi urebe neza ko umuti wo konjesha n'icyitegererezo bihura neza.
Kata icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad ku bunini bukwiye kugira ngo gipfuke neza hejuru y'igikombe cy'igerageza kandi urebe neza ko ubuso bw'ikizamini bureba hejuru.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini
Shyira igikoresho cyo gupima kirimo umuti wo koza amenyo n'icyitegererezo mu gikoresho cyo gupima kandi urebe neza ko ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe by'ahantu ho gupima byujuje ibisabwa, muri rusange ubushuhe bwa 23°C na 50%.
Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy'ikizamini, reka igikombe cy'ikizamini kiringanire mu gihe cy'isaha imwe kugira ngo icyitegererezo n'umuti wo koza amazi bihuze n'imiterere y'ibidukikije. Hanyuma ukuremo igikombe cy'ikizamini, ugishyire mu cyuma cyo koza amazi hanyuma ugishyire mu rugero rw'igice cy'isaha, hanyuma ugipime wandike uburemere bwa mbere bwa M1.
Subiza igikombe cy'igerageza mu gikoresho cy'igerageza hanyuma ukigerageze mu gihe cyagenwe mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa busanzwe, ubusanzwe amasaha 24. Nyuma y'ikizamini, ongera ukuremo igikombe cy'igerageza, ugishyire mu cyuma gitanga ibiribwa hanyuma ugishyire mu rugero rw'igice cy'isaha, hanyuma ugipime wandike uburemere bwa nyuma bwa M2.
Ibarura ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi
Ingano y'ubushuhe (WVT) ishobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe formula ikurikira: WVT = (M2 - M1) / (A × t), aho A ari agace k'icyitegererezo naho t ikaba igihe cy'ikizamini. Iyi formula igaragaza ko ingano y'ubushuhe ingana n'uburemere bw'umwuka w'amazi unyura mu cyitegererezo kuri buri gace kuri buri gace. Urugero, niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini bigaragaza ko impinduka y'ubushuhe bw'icyitegererezo nyuma y'amasaha 24 ari 1.2g, kandi agace k'icyitegererezo kari 100cm², ubwo ingano y'ubushuhe ni 1.2g / (100cm² × 24h) = 0.005g / (cm²・h).

(II) Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi meza)
Kwitegura ikizamini
Koresha ikizingo cyo gupimisha kugira ngo upime neza amazi ku bushyuhe bumwe n'imiterere y'ikizamini. Ingano y'amazi igomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa na buri gipimo. Urugero, kuri bimwe mu bipimo, mililitiro 100 z'amazi zishobora gukenerwa gupimwa.
Icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad gishyirwa ku gikombe cy’igerageza witonze kugira ngo harebwe neza ko igipfundikizo kiri hagati y’icyitegererezo n’igikombe cy’igerageza ari cyiza kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yinjira cyangwa ngo umwuka wo hanze winjire, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku bisubizo by’ikizamini.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini
Shyira igikombe cy’ikizamini kirimo amazi n’icyitegererezo mu gikoresho cyo gupima. Ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bw’ahantu ho gupima bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa, nka 23°C na 50%.
Reka igikombe cy'igerageza gihuze mu gihe runaka, nk'isaha 1, kugira ngo icyitegererezo n'amazi bihuze n'imiterere y'ibidukikije. Hanyuma pima uburemere bw'ibanze bw'igikombe cy'igerageza M1.
Kora ikizamini mu gihe cyagenwe cy'ikizamini, ubusanzwe amasaha 24. Nyuma y'ikizamini, ongera upime uburemere bw'igikombe cy'ikizamini M2.
Ibarura ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi
Uburyo bwo kubara igipimo cyo kohereza umwuka w’amazi (WVT) ni: WVT = (M1 – M2) / (A × t). Bitandukanye n’uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi, uburemere bwa mbere M1 buruta uburemere bwa nyuma M2 kuko amazi ahumeka binyuze mu gipimo mu gihe cy’ikizamini. Urugero, niba ibisubizo by’ikizamini bigaragaza ko uburemere bw’igikombe cy’ikizamini bwagabanutseho 0.8g nyuma y’amasaha 24 kandi ubuso bw’ikizamini bukaba 100cm², ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi ni 0.8g/(100cm² × 24h) = 0.0033g/(cm²・h).
(III) Uburyo bwo guhumeka (amazi ahinnye mu gikombe)
Kwitegura ikizamini
Kimwe n'uburyo bwo gupima amazi hakoreshejwe igikombe cyiza, koresha silinda yo gupima kugira ngo upime amazi ku bushyuhe bumwe n'imiterere y'ikizamini hanyuma umenye ingano y'amazi ukurikije ibisabwa bisanzwe.
Shyira icyitegererezo cya silicone ku gikombe cyo gupima kugira ngo urebe ko gifunze neza.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini
Shyira igikombe cy’igerageza kirimo amazi n’icyitegererezo mu gikoresho cyo gupima kugira ngo icyitegererezo gihure n’amazi. Ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe by’ahantu ho gupima bigomba kugumana ubusugire, nka 23°C na 50%.
Nyuma yo kuringaniza, pima uburemere bwa mbere bwa M1 bw'igikombe cyo gupima.
Kora ikizamini mu gihe cyagenwe cy'ikizamini, nk'amasaha 24, hanyuma upime uburemere bwa nyuma bw'igikombe cy'ikizamini M2.
Ibarura ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi
Uburyo bwo kubara igipimo cyo kohereza umwuka w’amazi (WVT) nabwo ni: WVT = (M1 – M2) / (A × t). Itandukaniro riri hagati y’uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi mu gikombe cyahinduwe n’uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha amazi mu gikombe ni uko amazi ashyirwa mu gikombe cyagenwe mu myanya itandukanye. Uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi mu gikombe cyahinduwe butuma icyitegererezo kigera ku mazi mu buryo butaziguye, bishobora kuba byegereye uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuyakoresha, nko kubona amazi mu kibuno ahantu hashyushye.
(IV) Uburyo bwa Potasiyumu acetate
Kwitegura ikizamini
Shyira umuti wa potasiyumu acetate yuzuye mu gikombe cy'igerageza, kandi ingano y'umuti ni hafi 2/3 by'uburebure bw'igikombe. Umuti wa potasiyumu acetate ufite imiterere yihariye y'ubushuhe kandi ushobora gutanga ibidukikije bihamye by'ubushuhe mu gihe cy'igerageza.
Funga witonze icyitegererezo cya silicone ku munwa w'igikombe cy'igerageza kugira ngo urebe ko gifunze neza kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yangiza cyangwa ngo ubushuhe bwo hanze bwinjira.
Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini
Shyira igikombe cy'igerageza kirimo icyitegererezo gifunze mu kigega cy'amazi. Ikigega cy'amazi cy'igerageza kigomba kandi kuba kirimo ingano runaka y'umuti wuzuye wa potasiyumu acetate kugira ngo ubushuhe bw'ikirere cy'igerageza bukomeze kumera neza.
Pima uburemere bwose bwa M1 bw'igikombe cy'igerageza mbere yo gukora ikizamini, hanyuma wongere upime uburemere bwose bwa M2 bw'igikombe cy'igerageza nyuma y'iminota 15, hanyuma wandike amakuru y'ibipimo bibiri.
Ibarura ry'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi
Ingano y'ubushuhe ibarwa hashingiwe ku mpinduka z'uburemere, ariko bitewe n'igihe cyihariye cy'igeragezwa n'imiterere y'uburyo bwa potasiyumu acetate, formula yayo yo kubara ishobora kuba itandukanye gato, kandi ni ngombwa kureba ibipimo byihariye, nka JIS L1099 uburyo B-1, JIS L1099 uburyo B-2, ISO 14956, n'ibindi.

3. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku igeragezwa ry’ubushuhe
(I) Imiterere y'ibidukikije
Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ni ibintu by'ingenzi birengera ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini byo kwemerera amazi. Ibipimo bitandukanye by'ibizamini bigaragaza imiterere itandukanye y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe. Urugero, hari ibipimo bigaragaza ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 23 n'ubushuhe bwa 50%, mu gihe ibindi bipimo bishobora gusaba ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubushuhe. Impinduka mu bushyuhe n'ubushuhe zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gipimo cyo kwemerera amazi mu gice cya silicone. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, ubwiyongere bw'uturemangingo bw'amazi, igipimo cyo kwemerera amazi kirushaho kwihuta, kandi ubushuhe burushaho kwiyongera; uko ubushuhe bugenda burushaho kwiyongera, niko imbaraga z'amazi ziyongera, kandi ubushuhe burushaho kwiyongera.
(II) Igihe cy'ikizamini
Igihe cy'ikizamini nacyo bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ikizamini cyo kwinjira kw'ubushuhe. Igihe kirekire cy'ikizamini gishobora kugaragaza neza uko amazi yinjira mu gipimo mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire, ariko gishobora no guteza ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'ibidukikije mu gihe cy'ikizamini, bityo bigatera amakosa. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo guhitamo igihe cy'ikizamini, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ikoreshwa ry'umusaruro n'ibisabwa n'amahame ngenderwaho y'ikizamini.
(III) Itegurwa ry'icyitegererezo
Uburyo bwo gutegura icyitegererezo burimo intambwe nko gukata, gusukura no gushyiraho icyitegererezo. Gushyiraho izi ntambwe bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kuri kw'ibisubizo by'ikizamini. Ingano y'icyitegererezo igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe, kandi impande zigomba kuba nziza, nta kwangirika cyangwa iminkanyari, kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka w'amazi wo mu gace usohoka cyangwa kwirundanya, bizagira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ikizamini. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ushyiraho icyitegererezo, menya neza ko agafunga hagati y'icyitegererezo n'igikombe cy'ikizamini ari keza kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka wo hanze winjira cyangwa ko umwuka w'amazi wo mu nzu usohoka.
(IV) Ibikoresho byo gupima
Ubuziranenge n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho byo gupima ni ingenzi cyane ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'ubushuhe. Ibikoresho bipima neza bishobora gupima neza ihinduka ry'uburemere bw'igikombe cy'ibizamini, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo kubara uburyo ubushuhe bunyuramo. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho byo gupima igomba kuba ishobora kubungabunga neza imiterere y'ibidukikije kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini bihinduka bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, uburyo umuyaga ushyirwa mu bikoresho bizagira ingaruka ku bisubizo, kuko umuvuduko w'umuyaga uzahindura imiterere y'ikirere gikikije igikombe cy'ibizamini, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'umwuka w'amazi.
(V) Imikorere y'umuti wo koza uruhu
Mu isuzuma ryo kwinjiza amazi mu mazi, imikorere y’umuti wo mu mazi igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bisubizo by’ibizamini. Ibintu nk’ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi, ingano y’uduce duto n’ingano y’umuti wo mu mazi bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo kwinjiza amazi n’ingano y’umwuka w’amazi. Kalisiyumu chloride ikoreshwa cyane ni umuti wo mu mazi ufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjiza amazi, ariko niba ingano y’uduce ari tunini cyane cyangwa duto cyane, ushobora kugira ingaruka ku gace kawo n’umuvuduko wo kwinjiza amazi mu mazi, bigatuma ibisubizo by’ibizamini bitandukana. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresha umuti wo mu mazi, ugomba gutoranywa no gutunganywa hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo umenye neza ko imikorere yawo ihamye kandi ihamye.

4. Uburyo bwo guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ubushuhe
(I) Guhitamo hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya silicone hip pad bishobora kugira imiterere itandukanye n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa, bityo ni ngombwa guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima ubushuhe. Urugero, kuri silicone hip pad zifite ubugari buto kandi zifite umwuka mwiza, uburyo bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe cyangwa uburyo bwo guhumeka bushobora gukoreshwa mu gupima neza ubushuhe bwayo.udupira twa silikoni tw'ikibunohamwe n'ubunini bwinshi n'ubucucike bwinshi, bishobora kuba ngombwa guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima nka potassium acetate bushobora gutanga ahantu hahamye ho guhumeka kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari iby'ukuri.
(II) Tekereza ku ntego y'ikizamini n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa ryacyo
Intego y'ikizamini n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ni ingenzi mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe. Niba ari ukugira ngo harebwe uburyo ubushuhe bushobora kwinjira mu birenge bya silicone mu buryo busanzwe bwo mu nzu, uburyo bwo gukurura ubushuhe cyangwa uburyo bwo guhumeka bushobora gutoranywa kugira ngo byigane uburyo bukoreshwa buri munsi. Niba ari ukugira ngo yige imikorere yabyo mu bidukikije byihariye, nko mu bushuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ahandi, bishobora kuba ngombwa guhitamo uburyo bujyanye n'ikizamini cyangwa guhindura ibidukikije hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.
(III) Ibyerekeye amahame mpuzamahanga n'imikorere y'inganda
Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, ibihugu bitandukanye n'uturere bishobora gukoresha amahame atandukanye yo gupima ubushuhe. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima, amahame mpuzamahanga n'imikorere y'inganda, nka ASTM E96, ISO 14956, nibindi, bigomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo harebwe ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari rusange kandi bigereranywa. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa ibisabwa n'isoko ryihariye hamwe n'amahame yemewe yo gupima ubushuhe bizafasha guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gupima no kunoza ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku isoko.

5. Incamake
Isuzuma ry’ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gusuzuma uburyo ikora neza n'imikorere yayo. Binyuze mu buryo bwavuzwe haruguru, nko gukoresha ubushuhe, uburyo bwo guhumeka n'uburyo bwa potasiyumu acetate, uburyo ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads bushobora kumenyekana neza, bigatanga inkunga ikomeye mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa, umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, ibintu nk'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, intego y'isuzuma n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha bigomba gusuzumwa neza kugira ngo hatoranywe uburyo bukwiye bwo kubipima, kandi imiterere y'ibizamini igomba kugenzurwa cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa, gusobanukirwa akamaro k'uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe n'ibisubizo bizafasha guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bifite ireme, guhaza ibyifuzo by'isoko no kunoza kunyurwa kw'abakiriya.