Isoko ry'Uburayi ry'udupira twa silicone tw'amabuno ryifashe gute?

Ku isoko ry’abaguzi batandukanye bo mu Burayi, ibicuruzwa bya silikoni bikomeje kugira umwanya ukomeye bitewe n’umutekano wabyo no kuramba kwabyo. Ibikoresho bya silikoni, nk'icyiciro gito bihuza imikorere n'ihumure, byagaragaye ko isoko rigenda ryiyongera mu myaka ya vuba aha. Kuva ku buvuzi kugeza ku buvuzi bwa buri munsi, kuva ku myambarire kugeza ku buvuzi, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya silikoni.Udupfundikizo tw'amatako ya siliconeI Burayi zikomeje kwaguka, bitewe n'ibintu byinshi birimo ubuyobozi bwa politiki, kuvugurura imikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa, n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma imiterere y'ingenzi n'inzira y'iterambere ry'iri soko, itanga ishusho isobanutse y'isura nyayo y'isoko rya silicone mu buto bw'i Burayi.

I. Ingano y'Isoko n'Iterambere: Politiki n'Ubusabe nk'imashini ebyiri

Uburayi ni bumwe mu masoko y’ingenzi y’abaguzi ku isi hose ku bicuruzwa bya silikoni, kandi ingano y’isoko rya silikoni mu bibuno byayo ikomeje kwaguka hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda zifitanye isano. Dukurikije amakuru afatika, ingano y’isoko rusange ry’ibibuno bya silikoni mu Burayi yageze kuri miliyari 9.5 z’amayero mu 2023, aho ibibuno bya silikoni mu bibuno, bihuza imiterere y’ubuvuzi n’agaciro k’ikoreshwa rya buri munsi, bikaba bifite igipimo kinini kandi bigakomeza kwiyongera kuruta impuzandengo y’inganda. Iyi nzira y’iterambere ntishobora gutandukanywa no gushyigikira ubuyobozi bwa politiki n’ibikenewe n’abaguzi.

Ku rwego rwa politiki, Gahunda y’Ubukungu bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi yatanze amahirwe akomeye ku isoko ry’ibitambaro bya silikoni. Iyi gahunda ishishikariza byimazeyo gusimbuza ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe runaka ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi byoroshye kongera gukoreshwa, hamwe n’ibitambaro bya silikoni, hamwe no kuramba kwabyo no gukaraba, bihuye neza n’iri tegeko, bigatuma bigenerwa inyungu za politiki. Hagati aho, amahame akaze y’i Burayi yo kurengera ubuzima bw’abaguzi nayo yatumye hakenerwa ibitambaro bya silikoni byiza cyane - ugereranije n’ibikoresho gakondo, umutekano wa silikoni n’imiterere yayo idahumanya bituma irushaho gupiganwa hakurikijwe uburyo bukomeye bw’amategeko agenga EU.

Ubwiyongere bw'ubukene buterwa n'impinduka zikomeye mu miterere y'abaturage n'imibereho yabo. Uburayi ni bumwe mu turere dufite abantu bakuze cyane ku isi. Amakuru y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi agaragaza ko mu 2070, umubare w'abageze mu za bukuru muri Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi uzakomeza kwiyongera, kandi ikibazo cy'imvune zo mu matako ziterwa n'ibibazo byo kugenda mu bantu bakuze kirimo kwiyongera cyane. Ibikoresho byo mu matako bya silikoni, bifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza umuvuduko, byabaye ingenzi mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Byongeye kandi, ubwinshi bw'imibereho yo kwicara mu biro mu Burayi bwa none byatumye abaturage muri rusange barushaho gukenera uburyo bwo kurinda amatako no kwisanzura, bituma amatako ya silikoni akura mu buvuzi akajya mu kazi ka buri munsi ko mu biro no mu ngendo ndende.

II. Ibiranga Umuguzi: Umutekano Mbere na mbere, Igabanywa rikomeye hakurikijwe imiterere n'itandukaniro ry'uturere

Abaguzi b'i Burayi bagaragaza ihame risobanutse neza ryo "kubanza kwiyitaho" iyo bahitamo imitako ya silicone, ikintu kiranga isoko ry'ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi barenga 80% b'i Burayi biteguye kwishyura amafaranga menshi ku bicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bifite umutekano, aho kubahiriza ibintu n'ibisigazwa by'ibintu byangiza ari byo by'ingenzi iyo bagura imitako ya silicone. Iki cyifuzo cyatumye ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoresha ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi bigakorerwa isuzuma rikomeye n'icyemezo kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abaguzi basaba ku buzima n'umutekano.

Gutandukanya ibice hakurikijwe imiterere ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi kiranga isoko rya silicone mu buto bw'i Burayi. Isoko ubu ryashyizeho uburyo busobanutse bw'ibicuruzwa: ibicuruzwa by'urwego rw'ubuvuzi byibanda ku gukumira ibisebe by'umuvuduko, byibanda ku bitaro no mu rugo. Ubusanzwe bakoresha imiterere y'ibinyabutabire byo mu buki bihumeka hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rirwanya bagiteri, kandi bimwe mu bicuruzwa byongera ubwiza bwabyo mu buvuzi binyuze mu bufatanye bwa tekiniki n'ibigo nka Bayer mu Budage, bikagira amanota yo gutsinda agera kuri 98%. Ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima bwa buri munsi byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byoroshye, bihuza n'intebe zo mu biro, intebe z'imodoka, n'ibindi, bikongeramo urwego rw'imvange y'imvange y'imvange kugira ngo byongere ihumure. Ibicuruzwa by'imideli byibanda ku kumererwa neza no guhaza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, kandi bikunzwe cyane mu bihugu bikoresha imideli nk'Ubufaransa n'Ubutaliyani.

Itandukaniro ry’uturere naryo riragaragara. Ubudage, nk'ishingiro ry'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bya silicone byo mu Burayi, ni bwo buyoboye ikoreshwa rya silicone yo mu bwoko bwa "bottock pads" mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi hamwe n'ibisabwa bikomeye ku buziranenge, ikaba ifite isoko rikuru mu bihugu by'i Burayi. Agaciro k'iki gice kateganijwe kurenga miliyoni 140 z'amayero mu 2029. Isoko ry'Ubwongereza rikunda ibicuruzwa bihuza imikorere n'imiterere, bigakomeza kwiyongera ku kigero cya 3.4% ku mwaka. Ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y'Uburayi nka Ubufaransa na Esipanye, byagizweho ingaruka n'imyitwarire y'ubuzima, bifite icyifuzo gikomeye cy'ibikoresho bishobora guhumeka kandi bidatera ubwivumbure, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byihuta. Ibihugu byo mu majyaruguru y'Uburayi bishyiramo uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bipimo by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bya silicone bishingiye ku binyabuzima byemewe mu karere.

III. Ibyerekeye kubahiriza amategeko: Icyemezo cya CE ni "Pasiporo" ku isoko

Isoko ry'i Burayi rifite amategeko akaze cyane ku bicuruzwa bya silikoni. Ibikoresho bya silikoni bigomba kwemererwa gukurikiza amategeko menshi kugira ngo byinjire ku isoko ry'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi, aho icyemezo cya CE ari cyo "ruhushya rwo kwinjira" rw'ingenzi cyane. Amabwiriza agenga icyemezo aratandukanye bitewe n'icyo gicuruzwa kigenewe gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho bya silikoni byo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi ndetse n'amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibikoresho, mu gihe ibikoresho byita ku bicuruzwa rusange bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibicuruzwa by'abaguzi. Ibi bishyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku buryo ibicuruzwa bikorerwamo ndetse no kugenzura ubuziranenge.

By’umwihariko, udupira twa silicone dukoze ku mubiri w’umuntu tugomba kuzuza ibipimo bibiri by’ingenzi: EN 14350, ku bicuruzwa bikozwe ku ruhu igihe kirekire, bisaba ko ibipimo bya organic ventilating compound (TVOC) bitarenze 0.5% n’irekurwa rya formaldehyde riri munsi ya 10 mg/kg; Itegeko ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ryo mu 2011 rigena imipaka y’ibicuruzwa, nk’ibisigazwa bya peroxide bya ≤0.5 mg/kg, kandi risaba ko hakorwa isuzuma ry’ibipimo bya organic ventilating kuri 175°C. Nyuma y’ivugurura ryakozwe n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ku mipaka y’ibicuruzwa bikozwe ku biribwa mu 2023, kugenzura ibintu nka cyclic siloxanes (D4-D6) mu bicuruzwa bya silicone byongerewe imbaraga, biba ikintu gishya cyo kubahiriza amategeko ku bigo.

Mu rwego rwo gutanga icyemezo, amasosiyete agomba kwitegura inzira yose mbere y'igihe: mu cyiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya platine vulcanization aho gukoresha peroxide vulcanization gakondo kugira ngo ugabanye ibisigazwa by'ibintu byangiza; mu cyiciro cyo gukora, ongeramo inzira ya kabiri ya vulcanization (200℃ × 4h) kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo gupima ibicuruzwa; kandi mu cyiciro cyo gupima, hitamo laboratwari zifite ibyangombwa bya CNAS na CPSC kugira ngo urangize ibintu by'igerageza nk'ubushyuhe bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC / MS). Icyiciro cyose cyo kwemeza gisanzwe kimara ibyumweru 6-8. Nubwo ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko ari kinini, ni ingenzi kugira ngo abakiriya b'i Burayi baguhe icyizere.

IV. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Kuramba, Ubuhanga, n'Ibikorwa byagutse

Urebye imbere,Isoko ry'amatako ya silicone mu Burayibizatera imbere bigamije "kurengera ibidukikije, kugira ubwenge bwinshi, no kwishyira hamwe mu byiciro." Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuzamura ibyo abaguzi bakeneye bizahuza isoko rishya. Kuramba bizaba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu guhangana. Hamwe no gukomeza gushimangira amategeko agenga ibidukikije mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bishya nka silicone ishingiye ku binyabuzima na silicone ibora bizaba ahantu heza ku bigo. Kuri ubu, amwe mu masosiyete yatangije ibikoresho bya silicone bikozwe mu bimera, byakiriwe neza n’isoko rya Nordic.

Kuvugurura hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bizashyira imbaraga nshya ku isoko. Amasosiyete amwe yatangiye guhuza ibikoresho bishobora kwangiza ubushyuhe na silicone, bigatuma amatako ahindura ubukana bwabyo hakurikijwe ubushyuhe bw'umubiri, bigatuma birushaho kuba byiza. Mu buvuzi, amatako agezweho arimo gukorwa, ashobora kugenzura uko umuvuduko w'umukoresha ukwirakwira mu buryo nyabwo no kohereza ubutumwa ku babitaho binyuze kuri porogaramu. Iyi moderi ya "hardware + service" yitezweho kuba ahantu hashya ho gukura mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi.

Kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bizafasha kongera isoko. Uretse uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ibiro, ibicuruzwa bigamije ibyo ukeneye nko gukora siporo no kugorora umubiri, no kuvugurura nyuma yo kubyara birimo kuzamuka vuba: ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa silicone bifite imiterere idacika intege, bikoreshwa muri yoga, gusiganwa ku magare, n’ibindi bikorwa; ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa silicone byo kubyara bikoresha ibikoresho byoroshye bya silicone, bishyigikira kandi bihumeka neza. Hagati aho, kwagura imiyoboro yo kuri interineti bitanga amahirwe yo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa silicone. Amakuru aturuka ku mbuga z’ubucuruzi za elegitoroniki zo mu Burayi agaragaza ko kuva mu 2024, gushakisha kuri interineti ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa silicone byihariye byiyongereyeho 47% uko umwaka utashye, aho icyifuzo cyihariye cyabaye moteri nshya y’iterambere ku isoko.

Umwanzuro: Ubwiza n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko ni ingenzi kugira ngo isoko ry'i Burayi rigere ku ntsinzi.

Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya silicone byo mu Burayi ni "ahantu ho gushakira amahirwe" hashingiye kuri politiki ndetse n'"ahantu ho gupimisha" hafite inzitizi nyinshi ku kwinjira. Imitekerereze yaryo yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa mu buryo bugezweho, uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko akomeye hamwe n'imiterere itandukanye y'ibikenewe bigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ireme nk'ishingiro, kubahiriza amategeko nk'ishingiro n'udushya nk'imbaraga zituma habaho iterambere.