Inyigisho ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubushobozi bwo kubona ubushuhe mu bice bya silicone hip pads

Ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya none, silicone hip pads ikunzwe cyane kubera imikorere myiza yazo n'uburyo zikoreshwa neza. Ku mbuga zigenga zikora ubucuruzi bwa silicone hip pads, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa no kumenya neza ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads. Ibi ntibishobora gutanga gusa icyerekezo cyizewe cy'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa ku baguzi mpuzamahanga, ahubwo binanongera ubushobozi bw'ikirango ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma mu buryo bwimbitse ibipimo ngenderwaho bitandukanye byo gupima ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pads, iguhe ubumenyi bwuzuye kandi burambuye.

1. Akamaro k'ibipimo by'ibizamini byo gupima ubushuhe
Ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushuhe ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi bipima imikorere ya silicone hip pads. Ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushuhe bushobora gutuma uruhu rw'umukoresha ruguma rwumye kandi rumeze neza mu gihe kirekire rukoreshwa, bigabanye ububabare buterwa n'ubushuhe n'ibibazo by'uruhu bishobora kuvuka. Ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa, bagomba kwemeza ko silicone hip pads zaguzwe zujuje ibisabwa n'ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, kandi ibipimo by'ibizamini byo koroshya ubushuhe ni ishingiro ry'ingenzi ryo gusuzuma ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.

2. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe byo gupima ubushuhe
(I) Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO
ISO 22649:2016 "Inkweto - Uburyo bwo gupima imisatsi yo mu nda n'iy'imbere - Gufata amazi no kuyakuramo": Iri hame rigaragaza uburyo bwo gupima amazi no kuyakuramo amazi ku misatsi yo mu nda n'iy'imbere. Mu gihe cyo gupima, uburyo amazi yinjiramo mu nda bupimwa hifashishijwe uburyo amazi yinjiramo kandi akayumisha imisatsi yo mu nda mu buryo nyabwo. Uburyo bwihariye ni ugushyira icyitegererezo cya silicone mu ruhu ahantu hari ubushuhe runaka, hanyuma nyuma y'igihe runaka, gupima uburemere bwayo kugira ngo ubone igipimo cyo gufata amazi n'igipimo cyo gutakaza amazi. Iri hame ritanga uburyo bwa siyansi kandi bushobora gupimwa ku isuzuma ry'ubushuhe bwa silicone mu ruhago, rifasha kugereranya itandukaniro ry'ubushuhe hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
ISO 14268:2019 "Imyenda - Imyenda yo kwambara siporo - Igice cya 3: Kugena imiterere y'ubushuhe": Iri hame rikoreshwa cyane cyane ku myenda ya siporo, ariko rifite agaciro runaka k'ikizamini cy'ubushuhe bwo kwinjira muudupira twa silikoni tw'ikibuno. Ikoresha uburyo bukoresha imbaraga kugira ngo igerageze ubushobozi bwo kubona ubushyuhe mu myenda, ni ukuvuga, ikomeza ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu cyumba cy'igeragezwa gifunze, umwuka w'amazi unyura mu gice cy'inyuma cya silicone, hanyuma igapima uburyo umwuka w'amazi winjira mu rundi ruhande. Ubu buryo bushobora kwigana mu buryo bufatika inzira y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bikomoka ku bikorwa by'abantu binyura mu gice cy'inyuma cya silicone mu buryo nyabwo, kugira ngo isuzume neza ubushobozi bwo kubona ubushuhe.
(II) Igipimo ngenderwaho cya JIS
JIS L1099 B1: Iki ni igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gupima ubushuhe gikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho nk'imyenda n'uruhu. Ku bijyanye n'udupira twa silicone, ihame ryo gupima ni ugushyira icyitegererezo mu gikombe cy'ubushuhe, hanyuma ugashyira igikombe cy'ubushuhe ahantu hari ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe runaka. Ingano y'umwuka w'amazi unyura muri silicone hip pad ibarwa hapimwa ihinduka ry'uburemere bw'igikombe cy'ubushuhe mu gihe runaka. Iri hame rishyiraho ibipimo by'ubushuhe bijyanye n'ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa, nko gupima ubushuhe burenga 10000g/m²·24h, nibindi. Iri hame ryakoreshejwe cyane muri Aziya, cyane cyane mu masoko y'Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa, ritanga uburyo bwo gupima no gusuzuma buhuriweho ku bakora silicone hip pad n'abaguzi.
(III) Igipimo cya AATCC
AATCC 127 "Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi: Ikizamini cy'umuvuduko ukomoka ku mazi": Nubwo iyi ngengabihe ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima ubudahangarwa bw'amazi ku myenda, amahame n'uburyo bwo kuyipima bishobora no gutanga urugero rw'ikizamini cy'ubudahangarwa bw'amazi ku dupapuro twa silicone. Mu gihe cyo kuyipima, umuvuduko w'amazi runaka ushyirwa ku gipimo cya silicone hip pad kugira ngo harebwe niba amazi ashobora kunyura mu gipimo. Ibi bishobora gusuzuma mu buryo butaziguye ubudahangarwa bw'amazi ku dupapuro twa silicone hip pad iyo ihuye n'umuvuduko runaka w'amazi, cyane cyane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye byo gukoreshwa, nko mu buvuzi, imikino yo hanze, nibindi, silicone hip pad ishobora guhura n'amazi, kandi ubudahangarwa bw'amazi bufitanye isano rya hafi n'ubudahangarwa bw'amazi. Ingengabihe ya AATCC 127 itanga uburyo bwo gusuzuma imikorere ya silicone hip pad muri ibi bihe.
(IV) Igipimo cya ASTM
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima ASTM E96 "Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gupima Ingano y'Imyuka y'Amazi": Iyi ngingo itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima igipimo cyo gupima imyuka y'amazi mu bikoresho, harimo uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'amazi n'uburyo bwo guhinduranya. Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'amazi bupima agaciro k'ingano y'umwuka w'amazi unyura mu gice cyo hejuru cya silicone iyo kigeze ku rugero rwo hejuru mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje; uburyo bwo guhinduranya bukurikirana ihinduka ry'ingufu z'amazi uko igihe kigenda gihita mu gihe cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ingengabihe ya ASTM E96 isobanura mu buryo burambuye ibisabwa ku bikoresho byo gupima, imiterere y'ibizamini, gutegura ingero, no gutunganya amakuru, bikerekana ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri kandi byizerwa. Iyi ngingo ikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu gupima inyugu z'amazi mu bikoresho bitandukanye, harimo n'ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa nka silicone hip pads, kandi ni imwe mu ngengo zikoreshwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi mu gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa.
(V) Igipimo cya GB/T
GB/T 1873-2010 “Uruhu rw’inkweto zo hejuru”: Iri hame rigaragaza uburyo uruhu rushobora kwinjira mu mazi ku ruhu, kandi bumwe mu buryo bwo gupima n’ibisabwa mu gupima bishobora no gukoreshwa ku dupfundikizo twa silikoni. Urugero, iri hame rigaragaza uburyo bwo gupima uburyo umwuka w’amazi ushyirwa mu mazi, ni ukuvuga hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cy’agace runaka, mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bwihariye, kugira ngo hapimwe ingano y’umwuka w’amazi unyura mu gipimo kuri buri gice. Binyuze mu buryo bwo gupima bw’iri hame, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi ku dupfundikizo twa silikoni bushobora gupimwa mu buryo bw’imibare, bityo bigatanga ishingiro ry’ubwiza bw’udupfundikizo twa silikoni twakorewe kandi tugurishwa mu gihugu, kandi biroroshye kandi kubigereranya n’amahame mpuzamahanga.

3. Ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo bwo gupima
(I) Uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bw'amazi
Ihame: Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bwihariye, umwuka w'amazi uzakwirakwira uva ku ruhande rw'ubushuhe bwinshi ujya ku ruhande rw'ubushuhe buke unyuze ku gice cy'ikibuno cya silicone. Mu gupima uburemere bw'umwuka w'amazi ugera mu gice cy'ikibuno cya silicone kuri buri gice, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi burashobora kuboneka.
Ibikoresho byo gupima: Ibikombe byo gupima ubushuhe, uburinganire, ibyumba by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihoraho n'ibindi bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa. Igikombe cyo gupima ubushuhe gikoreshwa mu gushyira icyitegererezo cya silicone mu kibuno no kubungabunga ibidukikije bimwe na bimwe by'ubushuhe mu gikombe; uburinganire bukoreshwa mu gupima neza ihinduka ry'uburemere bw'igikombe cyo gupima ubushuhe; icyumba cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bihoraho gitanga imiterere ihamye y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gikorwa cyose cyo gupima.
Intambwe zo kugerageza:
Kata icyitegererezo cya silicone mu kibuno mo ingano ikwiye, ugishyire ku gikombe gipima ubushuhe, kandi urebe neza ko icyitegererezo n'igikombe gipima ubushuhe bifunze neza.
Shyira igikombe cy’icyitegererezo kirimo icyitegererezo mu cyumba gifite ubushyuhe n’ubukonje buhoraho, hanyuma ushyireho ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bisabwa mu isuzuma, nk’ubushyuhe bwa 38°C, ubushyuhe bwa 90%, n’ibindi.
Mu gihe cyo gupima, fata igikombe gishobora kunyuramo mu gihe gisanzwe (nk'amasaha 24), pima uburemere bwacyo ukoresheje ingano, hanyuma wandike amakuru.
Dukurikije amakuru y’impinduka z’uburemere, banza ubare ingano y’umwuka w’amazi winjira mu gice cya silikoni ku gice kimwe, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bw’ubushyuhe. Binyuze mu bizamini byinshi no mu mibare, ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bw’igice cya silikoni ku gice burashobora kuboneka, kandi ukagereranya n’ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo usuzume niba ubushobozi bw’ubushyuhe bw’igice cya silikoni buhuye n’ibisabwa.
(II) Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'umuvuduko w'amazi
Ihame: Shyira umuvuduko w'amazi buhoro buhoro ku gapira ka silicone kugira ngo urebe igihe amazi atangiye kwinjira mu gipimo. Ubunini bw'umuvuduko w'amazi bugaragaza uburyo agapira ka silicone gashobora kwihanganira ubushuhe iyo gahuye n'umuvuduko w'amazi, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko w'amazi. Uko umuvuduko w'amazi urushaho gukomera, ni ko agapira ka silicone gashobora kubuza amazi kunyuramo ku rugero runaka, mu gihe gatuma ubushuhe bw'imbere busohoka, bityo bigatuma amazi arushaho kunyura mu buryo bwiza.
Ibikoresho byo gupima: Igipimo nyamukuru gikoreshwa ni igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amazi, gishobora kugenzura neza ikoreshwa ry’umuvuduko w’amazi, kandi kigashobora gukurikirana no kwandika agaciro k’umuvuduko w’amazi n’amazi yinjira mu gipimo mu gihe nyacyo.
Intambwe zo kugerageza:
Shyira icyitegererezo cya silicone ku gikoresho cyo gupima umuvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo urebe neza ko icyitegererezo gihamye kandi gifunze neza.
Fungura icyo gipimo hanyuma wongere buhoro buhoro umuvuduko w'amazi ukurikije igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cyashyizweho, nka 50mmH2O ku munota.
Reba ubuso bw'icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad. Iyo igitonyanga cya mbere cy'amazi kigaragaye, andika agaciro k'umuvuduko w'amazi muri iki gihe, ari na cyo gipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cy'icyitegererezo. Ugereranije n'igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amazi cyavuzwe mu gipimo ngenderwaho, banza urebe niba ubushobozi bwo kwinjira kw'umuvuduko w'icyuma cya silicone hip pad bukwiriye.
(III) Ikizamini cy'uburyo buhinduka
Ihame: Kwigana impinduka zihoraho mu bikorwa by'abantu n'ibidukikije mu bidukikije mu buryo nyabwo. Mu buryo bwo gupima bufunze, umwuka w'amazi wemerewe kunyura mu gice cy'ikibuno cya silicone munsi y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe runaka, kandi impinduka mu kwinjira k'umwuka w'amazi uko igihe kigenda gihita zigenzurwa kandi zikandikwa, kugira ngo harebwe neza uburyo amazi y'ikibuno cya silicone yinjiye.
Ibikoresho byo gupima: Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe mu buryo bwa Dynamic, kigizwe n’icyumba cyo gupima, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe, sisitemu yo gukora umwuka w’amazi, sisitemu yo gufata amakuru, nibindi. Icyumba cyo gupima gikoreshwa mu gushyira icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad no gukomeza gufunga neza; sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe ishobora guhindura neza ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe mu cyumba cyo gupima; sisitemu yo gukora umwuka w’amazi itanga isoko ihamye y’umwuka w’amazi wo gupima; sisitemu yo kubona amakuru ikurikirana kandi ikandika ibipimo bifatika nko kwinjira k’umwuka w’amazi mu gihe nyacyo.
Intambwe zo kugerageza:
Shyiramo icyitegererezo cya silicone mu cyumba cy'igerageza cy'icyuma gipima ubushuhe kugira ngo urebe neza ko icyitegererezo gishyizwemo neza kandi ko agafunga gafite icyizere.
Shyiraho imiterere y'ibizamini, nko kuba ubushyuhe ku ruhande rumwe rw'icyumba cy'ibizamini ari 35°C n'ubushyuhe bungana na 70%, n'ubushyuhe ku rundi ruhande ari 25°C n'ubushyuhe bungana na 50%, nibindi, kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe runaka kugira ngo umwuka w'amazi unyure muri silicone hip pad.
Tangira ikizamini kugira ngo umwuka w'amazi unyure mu gice cy'ikibuno cya silicone munsi y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byagenwe, kandi ukomeze kwandika umurongo w'ingufu z'amazi uko igihe kigenda gihita binyuze muri sisitemu yo kubona amakuru.
Amakuru yavuye mu isuzuma arasesengurwa kandi agatunganywa kugira ngo harebwe ibipimo by’imikorere y’ubushuhe bwa silicone hip pad mu bihe bihindagurika, nk’ikigereranyo cy’ubushuhe, igipimo cy’ubushuhe, n’ibindi, kandi bigagereranywa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho cyangwa ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki by’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba imikorere y’ubushuhe bwayo ihuye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho.

4. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubushuhe
(I) Ibiranga ibikoresho bya silikoni
Imiterere ya molekile: Imiterere ya molekile ya silikoni ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ibasha kwinjira mu mazi. Uburyo igice cy’uruhererekane rwa siloxane gihinduka ni bwiza, bishobora gutanga umuyoboro runaka wo gukwirakwiza molekile z’umwuka w’amazi. Iyo andi matsinda yinjiye mu bikoresho bya silikoni cyangwa hagakorwa impinduka zidasanzwe za shimi, imbaraga zo gukorana n’ingano y’umuvuduko hagati ya molekile zayo zishobora guhinduka, bityo bigira ingaruka ku buryo umwuka w’amazi usohoka. Urugero, ibikoresho bya silikoni birimo amatsinda akunda amazi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi, mu gihe ibikoresho bya silikoni bifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza cyane bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mazi kuko ingingo zihuza zizabangamira uburyo molekile z’umwuka w’amazi zisohoka.
Ubucucike: Ubucucike bw'ibikoresho bya silikoni buzagira ingaruka ku bucucike bw'amazi. Utunyangingo two mu gace ka silikoni dutondetse neza, kandi biragoye ko umwotsi w'amazi winjira, mu gihe agace katari ka silikoni kaba gafunguye kandi koroshye gukora imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza. Kubwibyo, udupira twa silikoni dufite ubucucike buke akenshi tugira ubucucike bwiza. Mu ikorwa, binyuze mu kugenzura ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya silikoni, ubucucike bwayo bushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bunoze ubucucike bw'amazi.
(II) Uburyo bwo gukora
Uburyo bwo gushushanya: Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushushanya buzagira ingaruka ku miterere y’agapira ka silicone, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku buryo amazi yinjira. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushushanya, ibipimo by’imikorere nk’ubushyuhe bw’ibimera, umuvuduko w’imashini, n’igihe cyo gufata bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bya silicone bikora neza kandi bigafata neza. Niba ubushyuhe bw’ibimera buri hejuru cyane cyangwa umuvuduko w’imashini uri hasi cyane, imyenge cyangwa inenge bishobora kugaragara mu bikoresho bya silicone. Izi myenge zishobora kuba imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza vuba umwuka w’amazi, bityo bikanoza uburyo amazi yinjira; icyakora, imyenge myinshi ishobora no kugabanya imiterere y’imashini n’ubwiza bw’umusaruro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kunoza ibipimo by’uburyo bwo gushushanya kugira ngo haboneke uburinganire bwiza hagati y’uburyo amazi yinjira n’imikorere yuzuye.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya: Uburyo bwo gutunganya inyuma y’urupapuro rwa silicone nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo amazi yinjira mu kirere. Urugero, uburyo bwo gutunganya inyuma y’urupapuro rwa silicone bugira ingaruka ku buryo amazi yinjira mu kirere. Uburyo bwo gutunganya neza urupapuro rwa silicone bushobora gukora urusobe ruhamye rw’urusobe rw’urupapuro rwa silicone, bukongera imiterere y’imikorere n’ubushyuhe bw’umusaruro, ariko uburyo bwinshi bwo gutunganya inyuma y’urupapuro rwa silicone bushobora kongera ubucucike bw’urupapuro rwa silicone no kugabanya uburyo amazi yinjira mu kirere. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gutunganya hejuru y’urupapuro, nko gusiga no gucapa, bushobora no gukora urwego rw’inzitizi ku buso bwa silicone, bikabangamira uburyo umwuka w’amazi winjira mu kirere, bityo bikagabanya uburyo amazi yinjira mu kirere. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gutunganya nyuma y’urupapuro rwa silicone, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza ingaruka zarwo ku buryo amazi yinjira mu kirere no gufata ingamba zijyanye nabyo kugira ngo birusheho kumera neza.
(III) Inyongeramusaruro
Uduce duto: Kongeramo utwuma duto muri silica gel bishobora kunoza imiterere yabyo, kudashyuha, kudashira, nibindi, ariko ubwoko n'ingano y'utwuma bizagira ingaruka ku buryo amazi yinjira. Muri rusange, uko utubumbe duto tw'utwuma duto kandi uko dukoreshwa cyane, niko ubucucike bw'ibikoresho bya silica gel burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko bigora ko umwuka w'amazi unyuramo, kandi uburyo amazi yinjiramo bugabanuka. Urugero, agace gafite imiterere ya silica gel ifite ingano nini ya nano-silica filler ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwo kunyuramo amazi make ugereranyije n'agace gafite imiterere ya silica gel. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo utwuma duto, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ingaruka nziza z'utwuma ku mikorere n'ingaruka mbi ku buryo amazi yinjiramo kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byose by'umusaruro.
Amapulasitiki: Kongeramo amapulasitiki bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo koroshya no gutunganya gel ya silica, ariko bizagira ingaruka no ku bushyuhe. Amapulasitiki asanzwe agira ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika mu mazi kandi ashobora gukorana n'amapulasitiki ahumeka mu mazi, bityo agahindura uburyo amazi ahumeka mu bikoresho bya silica. Ingano ikwiye ya pulasitiki ishobora kongera ingano n'intera hagati ya silicon, igatanga inzira nyinshi zo gukwirakwiza molecule z'amazi, kandi ikanoza uburyo amazi ahumeka; icyakora, pulasitiki nyinshi ishobora gutuma imiterere y'ibikoresho bya silica igabanuka, kandi pulasitiki ishobora kugenda buhoro buhoro ikagera ku buso bw'ibikoresho, bigatera ingaruka ku miterere n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugenzura neza ubwoko n'ingano ya pulasitiki kugira ngo habeho uburinganire bwiza hagati y'uburyo amazi ahumeka n'indi miterere.

5. Uburyo bwo guhitamo igipimo gikwiye cyo gupima ubushuhe
(I) Hitamo ukurikije isoko ry'intego
Isoko ry'i Burayi n'iry'Amerika: Niba isoko ry'ingenzi ry'ibicuruzwa bya silicone hip pads ari i Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubwo amabwiriza nka ASTM E96 na ISO 22649 azaba amahitamo meza kurushaho. Aya mahame yamenyekanye cyane kandi akoreshwa mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi yujuje sisitemu zo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abaguzi n'abacuruzi benshi basaba ko ibicuruzwa bitsinda ikizamini cya ASTM E96 gisanzwe kugira ngo barebe ko ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa buhuye n'ibyo abaguzi bakeneye n'amahame y'umutekano.
Isoko rya Aziya: Ku isoko rya Aziya, cyane cyane amasoko y'Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa, amahame nka JIS L1099 B1 na GB/T 1873-2010 arakoreshwa cyane. Aya mahame afite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukundwa no kwemerwa mu bigo n'abaguzi bo mu gihugu, kandi ashobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa mu isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge no gupima isoko ryo mu gihugu. Urugero, mu Buyapani, isuzuma ry'ubushuhe ku myenda n'ibicuruzwa by'uruhu rikunze gukoresha amahame ya JIS L1099 B1, bityo niba ibigo bya silicone hip pad bishaka kwinjira ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani, bagomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ibisabwa n'aya mahame.
(II) Guhitamo hakurikijwe ahantu ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa
Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi: Mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, udupira twa silicone mu kibuno ubusanzwe dukoreshwa ku barwayi bamara igihe kirekire baryamye ku buriri, abarwayi basubijwe mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa, n'abandi, kugira ngo uruhu rw'umurwayi rugume rwumye kandi rworoshye, kandi hirindwe ko habaho ibibazo by'uruhu nk'ibisebe by'umuvuduko. Kuri ubu bwoko bw'umuti, uretse gusuzuma amahame rusange y'ibizamini byo gupima ubushuhe, ni ngombwa kandi kwita ku buryo buhamye bw'ubushuhe bwayo mu bihe byihariye nko gushyuha cyane no gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Urugero, ushobora kureba ikizamini cya dynamic method mu gipimo cya ISO 14268 kugira ngo wigane impinduka z'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe n'ibikorwa by'umurwayi mu bitaro, kandi ukore ibizamini bikomeye byo gupima ubushuhe ku dupira twa silicone mu kibuno kugira ngo urebe ko bikora neza kandi byizerwa mu mikoreshereze yabyo.
Ikibuga cy’imikino yo hanze: Mu rwego rw’imikino yo hanze, udupira twa silicone hip dukunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byo kwirinda imikino, intebe zo hanze n’ibindi bicuruzwa kugira ngo habeho kwicara neza no guhumeka neza. Bitewe n’ibidukikije byo hanze bigoye kandi bihindagurika ndetse n’itandukaniro rinini mu miterere y’ubushuhe, ni ngombwa guhitamo igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gupima ubushuhe gishobora kwigana imiterere y’ibidukikije byo hanze. Urugero, ikizamini cy’uburyo buhinduka mu gipimo cya ASTM E96 gishobora kwigana neza inzira y’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe bikomoka ku bikorwa by’abantu mu mikino yo hanze binyura mu gipimo cya silicone hip, bityo bigatanga ishingiro ryiza ryo gusuzuma ubushuhe bw’ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kandi kureba uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bw’amazi mu gipimo cya AATCC 127 kugira ngo urebe ko agapira ka silicone hip gashobora gukomeza kugira ubushuhe runaka mu gihe uhuye n’imvura, ibyuya, nibindi, kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yo mu nzu atera ubushuhe ku muntu ukoresha.
(III) Guhitamo hashingiwe ku miterere y'ikigo
Ubushobozi bw'umusaruro n'imiterere y'ibikoresho: Ibikoresho by'isosiyete ubwayo byo gukora n'ubushobozi bwo gupima nabyo ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu guhitamo igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gupima ubushuhe. Niba sosiyete ifite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima ubushuhe n'abakozi b'inzobere mu gupima, kandi ikaba ishobora gupima hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga atandukanye, hari amahame amwe afite ubuziranenge bwo gupima n'isuzuma ryuzuye ashobora gutoranywa, nka ISO 22649 na ASTM E96. Nubwo aya mahame afite ibisabwa byinshi ku bikoresho byo gupima n'imikorere, ashobora guha amasosiyete amakuru nyayo kandi yizewe y'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, bifasha kunoza ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku isoko. Ariko, niba imiterere y'ibikoresho by'isosiyete n'ubushobozi bwo gupima ari bike, amahame yo gupima yoroshye kandi yoroshye gukoresha, nka JIS L1099 B1, ashobora gutoranywa kugira ngo agabanye ikiguzi n'ingorane zo gupima mugihe hagenzurwa ko ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa by'ibanze.
Ibikenewe mu bushakashatsi no mu guhanga udushya: Ku bigo byibanda ku bushakashatsi no mu guhanga udushya, guhitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubushuhe bigomba no gusuzuma uruhare rwabyo mu kunoza no guhanga udushya. Urugero, niba ikigo kirimo gukora ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bya silicone bifite ubushuhe bwinshi, gishobora guhitamo ibipimo bimwe na bimwe bishobora gusesengura byimbitse isano iri hagati y'ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho n'imiterere ya molekile, uburyo bikorerwamo n'ibindi bintu, nka ISO 14268. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse no gushyira mu bikorwa aya mahame, ibigo bishobora gusobanukirwa neza imikorere n'intege nke z'ibicuruzwa, gutanga inkunga ikomeye ya tekiniki mu kunoza formula z'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bikorerwamo, no guteza imbere udushya n'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa.

6. Gukoresha ikizamini cyo gupima ubushuhe mu kugenzura ubuziranenge
(I) Isano ryo kugura ibikoresho fatizo
Isuzuma ry'abatanga ibikoresho: Mu gihe cyo kugura ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni, ibigo bishobora gusaba abatanga serivisi gutanga raporo z'isuzuma ry'ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo no gusuzuma ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'isuzuma. Mu kugereranya amakuru y'isuzuma ry'ibikoresho fatizo yatanzwe n'abatanga serivisi batandukanye, hitamo abatanga serivisi bafite ubushuhe bwujuje ibisabwa kandi bafite ubwiza buhamye kugira ngo bafatanye, kugira ngo barebe ko ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni bifite ubushuhe bw'ubushuhe buturuka aho biva.
Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo: Mbere yuko ibikoresho fatizo bishyirwa mu bubiko, ibigo bishobora gukora igenzura ryihariye ku bikoresho fatizo hakurikijwe amabwiriza yatoranijwe yo gupima ubushyuhe. Iyo isuzuma risanze ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho fatizo budahuye n’ibisabwa, umucuruzi agomba kumenyeshwa no kuganirizwa ku gihe kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo, nko kugarura cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo gukora, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho fatizo bitazakorwa neza bitewe n’ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo, bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu bukungu.
(II) Gukurikirana ibikorwa by'umusaruro
Uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere y’ibipimo by’imikorere: Mu gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya silicone hip pads, ibizamini bisanzwe byo kugabanya ubushyuhe bishobora gukurikirana ingaruka z’impinduka mu mikorere y’ibipimo ku bushyuhe bw’ibicuruzwa. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushushanya inshinge, itsinda ry’ibicuruzwa bito bitangwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo bihinduka nk’ubushyuhe bw’ibimera n’umuvuduko w’inshinge, kandi ibizamini byo kugabanya ubushyuhe bikorwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibizamini. Ibipimo by’imikorere bihindurwa hakurikijwe ibisubizo by’ibizamini kugira ngo haboneke imiterere myiza y’umusaruro kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ubushyuhe bw’ibicuruzwa bugera ku rwego rwiza. Muri icyo gihe, hagenzurwa mu buryo bwihuse ibipimo by’imikorere y’ubushyuhe, ibintu bidasanzwe bishobora kubaho mu mikorere y’umusaruro, nko kwangirika kw’ibikoresho, ihindagurika ry’ibikoresho fatizo, nibindi, bishobora kuboneka mu gihe, kandi ingamba zijyanye nabyo zishobora gufatwa kugira ngo zikosorwe kandi zikosorwe kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa buhamye kandi buhamye.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro: Uburyo amazi yinjira muri buri gice cy'umusaruro wa silicone hip pads irageragezwa kugira ngo hamenyekane dosiye y'ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro. Hasesenguwe imibare y'uburyo amazi yinjira mu byiciro bitandukanye by'umusaruro, uburyo umusaruro uhagaze muri rusange ndetse n'uburyo ikwirakwira ry'ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro rishobora gusuzumwa. Iyo bigaragaye ko amazi yinjira mu byiciro by'umusaruro ahindagurika cyane cyangwa adahuye n'ubuziranenge, inyandiko zijyanye n'umusaruro zishobora gukurikiranwa mu gihe cyashize kugira ngo hamenyekane ikibazo, kandi ubwoko bw'umusaruro bushobora gukemurwa neza, nko kuvugurura, gusibanganya, nibindi, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa bidahuye n'ubuziranenge byinjira ku isoko kandi bikomeze kugira izina ryiza n'isura nziza y'ikigo.
(III) Igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa rirangiye no kubitanga
Kumenya ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa: Nyuma yuko silicone hip pad ikozwe, ibicuruzwa birangiye bigenzurwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga ubushyuhe. Gereranya ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'ibisabwa ku gicuruzwa kugira ngo umenye niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge nk'ubushyuhe bwujuje ibisabwa nibyo byemerewe kugurishwa mu ruganda kugira ngo harebwe ko silicone hip pads ihabwa abaguzi ifite ubushyuhe kandi ihumure.
Gukurikirana no kunoza ubuziranenge: Ku bicuruzwa bya silicone hip pad byoherejwe, iyo ibirego cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye no kwinjira kw'ubushuhe byakiriwe mu bitekerezo by'isoko cyangwa serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, isosiyete ishobora gukoresha dosiye z'ubuziranenge zari zarashyizweho mbere kugira ngo ikurikirane vuba itsinda ry'umusaruro, aho ibikoresho fatizo bituruka, inzira yo gukora n'andi makuru y'umusaruro, kandi ikore isesengura ryimbitse ry'icyateye ikibazo. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu isesengura, shyiraho ingamba zijyanye no kunoza, nko kunoza imiterere y'umusaruro, kunoza inzira yo gukora, gushimangira igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo, nibindi, kugira ngo ikomeze kunoza urwego rw'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no guhaza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye n'ibyo biteze ku bijyanye no kwinjira kw'ubushuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone hip pads.

7. Iterambere ry'ibipimo mpuzamahanga by'ibizamini byo gupima ubushuhe
(I) Uburyo bwo gupima bukoresheje ubwenge kandi bwikora
Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe burimo gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cy’ubwenge n’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bishya byo gupima ubushuhe bifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kugenzura, sisitemu zo kugenzura zikora na sisitemu zo gutunganya amakuru, bishobora gukora igenzura ryuzuye, kugabanya amakosa y’abantu n’imikorere igoye. Urugero, bimwe mu bikoresho bipima ubushuhe bishobora guhindura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe mu cyumba cy’igerageza, kugenzura igipimo cyo kohereza umwuka w’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, no kwandika no gukora raporo z’igerageza mu buryo bwikora. Ibi ntibinoza gusa imikorere n’ukuri kw’igerageza, ahubwo bishobora no gusesengura no gutunganya amakuru menshi y’igerageza vuba, bitanga inkunga ikomeye yo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa no gukora ubushakashatsi n’iterambere.
(II) Guhuza no guhuza no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame mpuzamahanga
Mu rwego rwo guhuza ubukungu ku isi, ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu burimo kwiyongera, kandi hakenewe guhuza no guhuza no gushyira hamwe amahame ngenderwaho y’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga burimo kwiyongera cyane. Imiryango yemewe nka Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Ubuziranenge (ISO) irimo gukora cyane kugira ngo iteze imbere amahame ngenderwaho y’ibizamini byo gupima ubushyuhe ku rwego mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere kwemera no guhuza amahame ngenderwaho hagati y’ibihugu n’uturere dutandukanye. Urugero, mu itegurwa ry’ibipimo, amahame nka ISO 14268 na ISO 22649 yasuzumye neza urwego rwa tekiniki, icyifuzo cy’isoko n’imiterere y’inganda mu turere dutandukanye ku isi, kandi yagerageje gukoresha amahame n’uburyo buhuriweho bwo gupima kugira ngo birusheho gukoreshwa no kugereranywa ku isi yose. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no gukomeza gushimangira ubufatanye mpuzamahanga n’ihererekanyamakuru, amahame ngenderwaho y’ibizamini byo gupima ubushyuhe ku rwego mpuzamahanga yitezweho kugera ku bumwe mpuzamahanga, kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cy’ibigo, no kunoza ireme ry’ibicuruzwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
(III) Kunoza no gushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho y'ibizamini
Bitewe n’uburyo ibintu bikenewe n’abaguzi bigenda bihinduka kandi bigashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwihariye, kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubushuhe bigenda birushaho kunozwa buhoro buhoro. Ku bwoko butandukanye bw’ibicuruzwa, uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha n’amatsinda atandukanye y’abaguzi, hashyirwaho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’uburyo ubushuhe bushobora kwitabwaho cyane. Urugero, ku bikoresho bya silicone hip pads byo kwa muganga, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane uburyo ubushuhe bushobora kwiyongera mu gihe habayeho ubushuhe bwinshi n’igihe kirekire kandi ntibikaze uruhu; mu gihe ibikoresho bya silicone hip pads byo gukina imikino yo hanze, hazibandwa ku buryo amazi n’ubushuhe bidashobora kwihuta mu gihe habayeho ibidukikije bigoye. Iyi gahunda igezweho kandi yihariye ishobora guhaza neza ibyo isoko n’abaguzi bakeneye, kandi igateza imbere udushya mu bicuruzwa no kunoza ireme ry’ibicuruzwa mu nganda za silicone hip pads.

8. Isesengura ry'imanza
(I) Urubanza rwa 1: Isuzuma ry’ingufu zo mu mazi no kunoza ubuziranenge bwa silicone butt pads zo mu kigo kizwi cyane gishinzwe ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi.
Incamake: Udupira twa silicone dukorwa n'iyi sosiyete dukoreshwa cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, cyane cyane mu gutanga ubufasha bwiza no kurinda uruhu ku barwayi bamara igihe kirekire baryamye ku buriri. Ariko, nyuma y'uko uyu muti ushyizwe ku isoko, bamwe mu bakoresha bavuze ko nyuma y'igihe runaka ukoreshwa, uruhu rwo ku matako y'abarwayi rwabaye rutose kandi rutukura, bikekwa ko bifitanye isano n'amazi yinjira muri silicone butt pads.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Isosiyete yahise ishyiraho abakozi ba tekiniki kugira ngo bapime uburyo amazi yinjira mu bikapu bya silicone hakurikijwe uburyo bukoreshwa mu gipimo cya ISO 14268. Mu gihe cyo gupima, byagaragaye ko amazi yinjira mu gicuruzwa yari make ugereranyije n’ibisabwa mu gipimo, bigaragaza ko amazi yinjira mu gicuruzwa atari ahagije kandi ko adashobora guhaza uruhu rw’umurwayi kugira ngo ruhume kandi ruhumure mu buvuzi.
Isesengura ry'ikibazo: Mu isesengura ryinyongera ry'uburyo ibintu bikorwamo n'ibikoresho fatizo, byagaragaye ko isosiyete yongereyeho icyuma gishya cyongeraho icyuma gishya cyongeraho icyuma gikozwe muri silicone kugira ngo cyongere imiterere y'imashini, ariko kongeramo icyuma cyongeraho bigira ingaruka ku miterere ya molekile n'amazi ya silicone.
Ingamba zo kunoza: Isosiyete yahinduye uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya silikoni, yagabanyije ingano y’ibikoresho byo kuzuza ariko ikomeza kugira imiterere myiza ya mekanike, inanoza ibipimo by’uburyo bwo gukora. Nyuma yo kongera gupima, ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu ruhu rwa silikoni rwazamuwe bwageze ku bisabwa n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO 14268, ibibazo byatangajwe n’abakoresha byarakemutse neza, ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa bwarazamutse cyane, kandi umugabane w’isoko warushijeho kwaguka.
(II) Urubanza rwa 2: Ikizamini cyo kwirinda umuvuduko w'amazi no gupima ubushuhe bw'amazi mu gice cyo hanze cy'ikirango cy'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa hanze
Incamake: Iki kigo cyashyize ahagaragara intebe nshya ya siporo yo hanze, kandi icyuma cyayo cya silicone kigomba kugira uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya amazi n'ubushuhe kugira ngo gihangane n'ikirere cyo hanze kitoroshye kandi gihindagurika ndetse n'ibyo abagikoresha bakeneye gukora. Mu cyiciro cyo gushushanya ibicuruzwa, ikigo kigomba kumenya ibimenyetso by'ubushuhe bw'amazi n'ubushuhe.agapira k'ikibuno ka silikoni, kandi uhitemo amahame ngenderwaho y’ibizamini akwiye kugira ngo asuzumwe.
Uburyo bwo gupima: Isosiyete yerekeza ku gipimo cya AATCC 127 kugira ngo igerageze uburyo umuvuduko w'amazi urwanya umuvuduko w'amazi wa silicone hip pad, kandi ikoresha uburyo buhinduka mu gipimo cya ASTM E96 kugira ngo igerageze uburyo amazi anyuramo. Nyuma y'ibizamini byinshi n'impinduka, agaciro k'umuvuduko w'amazi n'uburyo amazi anyuramo byaje kugaragara kugira ngo iyo ibicuruzwa bikoreshejwe hanze, bishobora gukumira ubushuhe bwo hanze nk'imvura n'ibyuya kwinjira, kandi bishobora no gutuma ubushuhe bwo mu mutima busohoka neza kugira ngo umukoresha akomeze kugira ihumure.
Ibisubizo n'Imikoreshereze: Nyuma yo gupimwa neza no kugenzura ubuziranenge, intebe z'imikino zo hanze z'iki kigo zashimwe cyane n'abaguzi nyuma yo gushyirwa ku isoko, kandi uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjira mu ruhu rw'ikirango budashobora kuvogerwa n'amazi n'ubushuhe bwabaye ikintu gikomeye kigurishwa n'iki kigo. Mu iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, iki kigo gikomeje gukoresha ubu buryo bw'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima no kugenzura ubuziranenge, kandi gikomeza gushyira ahagaragara ibicuruzwa byo hanze bifite imikorere myiza n'ubwiza bwizewe, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'iki kigo ku isoko.

9. Incamake
Uburyo silicone hip pad ikoresha amazi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo no ku isoko. Gusobanukirwa no kumenya neza amahame atandukanye yo gupima amazi ni ingenzi cyane ku bigo byigenga kugira ngo bikore ubucuruzi bwa silicone hip pad no kwagura amasoko mpuzamahanga. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ry’amahame rusange yo gupima amazi, harimo ISO, JIS, AATCC, ASTM na GB/T, ndetse no kuganira ku buryo burambuye ku buryo bwo gupima, ibintu bigira ingaruka, guhitamo ibisanzwe, ikoreshwa mu kugenzura ubuziranenge n’iterambere mpuzamahanga, dushobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye kandi bunoze ku musaruro no kugurisha silicone hip pads. Mu mikorere nyayo, ibigo bigomba guhitamo neza amahame yo gupima amazi hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo, amasoko bigenewe n’ahantu hakoreshwa ibicuruzwa, kandi bikayakoresha ku buryo butandukanye nko kugura ibikoresho fatizo, gukurikirana inzira yo gukora, no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bwujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga kandi buhuye n’ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, kugira ngo bigaragare mu ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga kandi bigere ku iterambere rirambye.