Amabwiriza agenga kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutekano w'udupira twa silicone

1. Incamake y'amahame agenga kurengera ibidukikije kuri silicone hip pads

1.1 Amahame ngenderwaho yo kurengera ibidukikije mu ngo
Amahame ngenderwaho yo kurengera ibidukikije mu gihugu cyanjye ku bicuruzwa bya silicone arimo kugenda arushaho gukomera kugira ngo arengere ubuzima bw'abaguzi n'umutekano w'ibidukikije. Mu rwego rwo gukoresha silicone hip pads, amahame akurikira akurikizwa cyane cyane:
GB/T 2912.1-2009 “Imyenda – Gupima formaldehyde Igice cya 1: Formaldehyde idafite amazi kandi idafite hydrolyze (uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi)”: isobanura uburyo bwo kumenya ingano ya formaldehyde muriudupira twa silikoni tw'ikibuno, bisaba ko formaldehyde itagomba kurenza urugero runaka kugira ngo hirindwe ko formaldehyde yangiza umubiri w'umuntu. Urugero, formaldehyde iri mu duti twa silicone ku bana igomba kugenzurwa neza ku rugero rwo hasi cyane kuko abana bafite uruhu rworoshye kandi bakaba bashobora kwangirika cyane kuri formaldehyde.
GB/T 17592-2011 “Imyenda – Kumenya irangi rya azo ribujijwe”: bibuza byimazeyo ikoreshwa ry’amabara cyangwa inyongera zirimo irangi rya azo ribujijwe mu gukora irangi rya silicone mu kibuno. Irangi rya azo rirabora rigatanga amine zitera kanseri mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Iri hame ryemeza ko irangi rya silicone mu kibuno ritazasohora imiti yangiza mu gihe cyo kurikoresha, ririnda ubuzima n’umutekano w’abakoresha.
GB/T 18401-2010 “Ibisobanuro by’ibanze by’umutekano w’igihugu ku bicuruzwa by’imyenda”: ​​Amategeko akaze ku gaciro ka pH, amarangi ya amine aromatic amine ashobora kubora, ingano y’icyuma gikomeye n’ibindi bimenyetso bya silicone hip pads. Urugero, agaciro ka pH kagomba kugenzurwa mu rugero rwa aside nkeya ikwiriye uruhu rw’umuntu kugira ngo hirindwe ububabare ku ruhu; ingano y’ibyuma bikomeye nka lead na cadmium igomba kugenzurwa mu rugero rwiza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyuma bikomeye byinjira mu mubiri w’umuntu binyuze mu gukora ku ruhu bigatera ibibazo by’ubuzima.

1.2 Amahame Mpuzamahanga Rusange yo Kurengera Ibidukikije
Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije kuri silicone hip pads nayo arakomeye, ahanini yerekeza ku mabwiriza akurikira:
Amabwiriza ya EU REACH: Asaba isuzuma rikomeye no kwandikisha ibintu bya shimi bikoreshwa mu gukora silicone hip pads. Iri tegeko rireba imicungire y'ibintu bya shimi kuva ku kugura ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gukora ibicuruzwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bidafite ibintu bya shimi byangiza umubiri w'umuntu n'ibidukikije. Urugero, phthalate zimwe na zimwe zishyirwa ku rutonde rw'ibintu bifite impungenge zikomeye, kandi abakora silicone hip pads bagomba kugenzura ko ibyo bintu bidakubiye mu bicuruzwa byabo kugira ngo bakurikize amabwiriza ya REACH.
ASTM F963 “Igipimo ngenderwaho cy’umutekano w’ibikinisho” muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Nubwo kigamije ahanini ibikoresho by’ibikinisho, ibisabwa ku mutekano w’ibikoresho, ibice bito, imikorere yo gutwika, nibindi bireba no kuri silicone hip pads. Urugero, ivuga ko imikorere yo gutwika ya silicone hip pads igomba kuzuza amahame amwe n’amwe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa byatera inkongi mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, kandi icyarimwe ikagena ingano n’ubukomere bw’ibice bito kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo kubura umwuka biterwa n’uko abana bamira ibice bito ku bw’amakosa.
OEKO-TEX® Standard 100: Ni amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije yemewe kandi agabanya byimazeyo ingano y’ibintu byangiza mu dupfundikizo twa silicone. Aya mahame akubiyemo ibintu byinshi byangiza nka formaldehyde, ibyuma biremereye, amarangi atera kanseri, amarangi atera allergie, nibindi, kandi asaba ko ingano y’ibi bintu mu gicuruzwa itagomba kurenza urugero rw’umubare ntarengwa rwagenwe. Urugero, ingano y’ibintu byangiza mu dupfundikizo twa silicone byemejwe na OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’urwego rwangiza umubiri w’umuntu, bigatuma abaguzi babona ibicuruzwa bitekanye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije.

2. Gushyira mu byiciro amahame y'umutekano kuri silicone hip pads

2.1 Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'imikorere y'umubiri
Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’imikorere y’ibikoresho bya silicone hip pads ahanini areba imiterere, ingano, imbaraga n’ibindi bice by’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigenzure umutekano n’ubudahangarwa bw’ibicuruzwa mu gihe gisanzwe.
Ingano n'imiterere: Dukurikije amahame ngenderwaho, ingano ya silicone hip pads igomba guhuza n'amahame ngenderwaho kugira ngo ihuze n'abakoresha b'imyaka itandukanye n'imiterere y'umubiri. Urugero, ingano ya silicone hip pads ku bana igomba kuba iringaniye, ishobora gushyigikira neza ikibuno cy'umwana nta gitutu ku mubiri w'umwana. Ku bibuno bya silicone ku bantu bakuru, ingano yazo igomba kuba ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire mu gihe igenzura ko umukoresha amererwa neza. Byongeye kandi, amahame kandi avuga ko impande za silicone hip pads zigomba kuba zoroshye kandi zidafite impande zityaye kugira ngo hirindwe gushwanyagurika cyangwa gukomereka ku mukoresha.
Ingufu no kuramba: Udupira twa silicone tugomba kuba dufite imbaraga zihagije no kuramba kugira ngo twihanganire uburemere bw'umukoresha n'imbaraga zo hanze nko gukururana no gusohoka mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi. Amabwiriza ajyanye n'ibyo asaba ko udupira twa silicone dushobora kugumana imiterere n'imikorere yatwo mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukoreshwa tudacitse, tudahinduka cyangwa ngo twangirike. Urugero, binyuze mu igeragezwa ry'imbaraga zo gukurura, hateganywa ko imbaraga zo gukurura za silicone hip pad zigomba kugera ku gaciro runaka kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bikomeze kugumana neza mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire. Muri icyo gihe kandi, iri hame rinagena uburyo ubudasaza bwa silicone hip pad bushobora kwangirika no kurwanya gusaza, bigasaba ko ibicuruzwa bigumana imiterere yabyo mu gihe runaka nta gusaza cyangwa kugaragara.
Gutuza no Kudanyerera: Kugira ngo hirindwe ko agapira ka silicone kadanyerera cyangwa ngo kagende mu gihe cyo gukoresha, amahame ajyanye nabyo agaragaza ko gahagaze neza. Urugero, ni ngombwa ko hasi k'agapira ka silicone kagomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kutuza, ibyo bikaba byagerwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kutuza cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya gunyerera. Muri icyo gihe, amabwiriza ateganya kandi ibisabwa kugira ngo agapira ka silicone kabe gahagaze neza mu buryo butandukanye, nko kuba gashobora kuguma gahagaze neza ku buso butose cyangwa bworoshye kugira ngo wirinde ko abagakoresha banyerera cyangwa bakagwa.

2.2 Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibinyabutabire
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano wa silicone hip pads. Amahame ngenderwaho y'umutekano agena cyane imiterere y'ibinyabutabire muri silicone hip pads kugira ngo habeho umutekano ku mubiri w'umuntu no ku bidukikije.
Imipaka y'ibintu byangiza: Dukurikije amahame y'imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, silicone hip pads ntigomba kuba irimo imiti yangiza nka formaldehyde, ibyuma biremereye, amarangi atera kanseri, amarangi atera allergie, nibindi. Urugero, itegeko rya GB/T 18401-2010 ryo mu gihugu cyanjye rivuga neza ko ingano ntarengwa y'icyuma gikomeye kiri muri silicone hip pads, risaba ko ingano y'ibyuma biremereye nka lead na cadmium itagomba kurenza urugero rw'umutekano wagenwe. Muri icyo gihe, amabwiriza ya REACH yo mu Burayi anasuzuma neza kandi agashyira mu nyandiko imiti ikoreshwa mu gukora silicone hip pads kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bidafite imiti yangiza umubiri w'umuntu n'ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije nka OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 anashyiraho amabwiriza arambuye ku ngano y'ibintu byangiza biri muri silicone hip pads, asaba ko ingano y'ibi bintu mu gicuruzwa itagomba kurenza urugero rw'umutekano wagenwe.
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (VOC): Ibikoresho bya silikoni bishobora kurekura ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCs) mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu n'ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, amahame ajyanye nabyo afite amabwiriza akomeye ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya silikoni. Urugero, hateganywa ko ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya silikoni mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bitagomba kurenza urugero rwagenwe kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku mwuka wo mu nzu no ku buzima bw'abantu. Muri icyo gihe, aya mahame asaba kandi abakora ibikoresho gufata ingamba zifatika mu gikorwa cyo gukora kugira ngo bagabanye ikorwa n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya silikoni, nko gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo bitangiza ibidukikije no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora.
Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo: Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone hip pads bufitanye isano itaziguye n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa. Amabwiriza ajyanye n'ibyo afite amabwiriza akaze ku igurwa n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone hip pads, asaba abakora ibikoresho fatizo gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo byujuje ibisabwa ku kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutekano. Urugero, hateganywa ko ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone bitagomba kuba birimo imiti yangiza umubiri w'umuntu, nka phthalate zimwe na zimwe. Muri icyo gihe, aya mahame asaba kandi abakora ibizamini bikomeye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo barebe ko ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo bwujuje ibisabwa n'amahame ajyanye n'ibyo. Byongeye kandi, ku bikoresho fatizo bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigomba kandi kubahiriza amahame n'amabwiriza ajyanye n'ibyo mu gihugu cyanjye.

3. Uburyo bwo gupima ubuziranenge bw'udupira twa silicone

3.1 Uburyo bwo gupima ibidukikije
Uburyo bwo gupima ibidukikije kuri silicone hip pads ni ingenzi kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa ku bidukikije, kandi ahanini bikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira:
Isuzuma ry'ibikoresho fatizo: Mbere yo gukora, ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni birageragezwa cyane, kandi ibikoresho bipimwa birimo ibyuma biremereye n'ibintu byangiza (nk'ibinyabutabire bya phthalate, formaldehyde, nibindi). Urugero, nk'uko bigaragazwa na GB/T 18401-2010 “Ibisobanuro by'ibanze by'umutekano w'igihugu ku bicuruzwa by'imyenda”, ingano y'ibyuma biremereye nka lead na cadmium mu bikoresho fatizo irageragezwa kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano yabyo iri mu rwego rwo kwirinda. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho bigezweho nka gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma niba ibikoresho fatizo birimo amarangi ya azo abujijwe, kugira ngo hagenzurwe ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bivuye aho bikomoka.
Gukurikirana ibikorwa byo gukora: Mu gihe cyo gukora, ibikorwa byo gukora n'ibidukikije birakurikiranwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byangiza bivangwa n'ibyuka. Urugero, reba niba ibara n'inyongeramusaruro bikoreshwa mu gukora byujuje ibisabwa ku bidukikije, reba neza ko ibidukikije bikorerwamo bifite umwuka mwiza, kandi bigabanye ukwiyongera kw'imyuka mibi. Muri icyo gihe, amazi mabi n'imyuka mibi mu gukora biratunganywa kandi bigakurikiranwa kugira ngo harebwe ko imyuka mibi ihumanya ikirere ihura n'ibikenewe ku bidukikije.
Isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa rirangiye: Isuzuma ry’ibicuruzwa rirangiye rikorerwa ku dupira twa silicone nyuma yo gukora. Ibipimo birimo imyuka ya formaldehyde, ingano y’icyuma gikomeye, imyuka ya VOC, nibindi. Dufashe urugero rw’isuzuma rya formaldehyde, uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi bukoreshwa hakurikijwe GB/T 2912.1-2009 “Imyenda – Kumenya Formaldehyde Igice cya 1: Formaldehyde idafite amazi kandi idafite hydrolyze (Uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi)” kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano ya formaldehyde yujuje urugero rwagenwe. Ku isuzuma ry’imyuka ya VOC, uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibidukikije bukoreshwa mu gupima imyuka ya VOC y’udupira twa silicone mu gihe runaka munsi y’ubushyuhe runaka, ubushuhe n’ikirere kugira ngo harebwe ko iri munsi y’urugero rwagenwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho bireba.
Icyemezo n'ibirango: Ibicuruzwa byatsinze ibizamini by'ibidukikije bishobora gusaba icyemezo cy'ibidukikije kijyanye nabyo, nka icyemezo cya OEKO-TEX® Standard 100. Ibicuruzwa byemewe bishobora gushyirwaho ikirango cy'icyemezo gihuye nacyo ku gipfunyika cyangwa ku kirango kugira ngo abaguzi babone ubuziranenge bw'ibidukikije busobanutse neza. Urugero, udupira twa silicone twujuje icyemezo cya OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 bigaragaza ko ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa byangiza biri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'urwego rwangiza umubiri w'umuntu, kandi abaguzi bashobora kubigura no kubikoresha bafite icyizere.

3.2 Ikizamini cy'Umutekano
Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’umutekano wa silicone hip pads ni uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kwemeza ubuzima n’umutekano w’abakoresha, kandi ahanini rikubiyemo ibizamini bikurikira:
Ikizamini cy'imikorere y'umubiri:
Ikizamini cy'ingano n'imiterere: Koresha ibikoresho byo gupima kugira ngo upime neza ingano ya silicone hip pad kugira ngo urebe niba yujuje ibisabwa mu miterere ya ergonomic. Urugero, kuri silicone hip pad ku bana bato, pima uburebure, ubugari n'ubugari bwazo kugira ngo urebe ko ingano yazo ishobora gushyigikira neza amatako y'umwana kandi ntizatera igitutu ku mubiri w'umwana. Muri icyo gihe, reba niba impande z'igicuruzwa ziroroshye kandi nta mfuruka zityaye zifite. Hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gupima no kugenzura amaso kugira ngo harebwe ko impande nta mfuruka cyangwa mfuruka zityaye zifite kugira ngo hirindwe ko umukoresha yakwangiza cyangwa agakomereka.
Ikizamini cy'imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa: Kora ikizamini cy'ubudahangarwa, shyira icyitegererezo cya silicone hip pad mu mashini ipima ubudahangarwa, uyirambure ukurikije umuvuduko n'imiterere byavuzwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho, kandi wandike agaciro kayo k'ubudahangarwa kugira ngo urebe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kwihanganira uburemere bw'umukoresha n'imbaraga zo hanze mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi bitavunitse mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukoreshwa. Muri icyo gihe, hakorwa ikizamini cyo kudahangarwa. Igipimo cyo kudahangarwa gikoreshwa mu kwigana ubudahangarwa mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi. Nyuma y'umubare runaka w'ubudahangarwa bukorerwa ku buso bwa silicone hip pad, ubudahangarwa bw'ubuso buragenzurwa kugira ngo harebwe ubudahangarwa bw'ubudahangarwa bw'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, hakorwa ikizamini cyo kurwanya gusaza. Icyitegererezo gishyirwa mu gasanduku k'ikizamini cyo gusaza kandi ikizamini cyo gusaza cyihuta gikorwa munsi y'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'imiterere y'urumuri kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu mikorere y'ibicuruzwa mu gihe runaka, nko guhinduka kw'ibara, guhinduka k'ubukomere, impinduka z'imbaraga, nibindi, kugira ngo urebe ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kugumana imiterere yabyo mu gihe kirekire.
Ikizamini cyo kudacika intege no kudacika intege: Agapira ka silicone kibuno kageragezwa kugira ngo harebwe ko gahagaze neza mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukoreshwa (nk'ubuso bwumutse, butose, bunoze, nibindi), biganisha ku bikorwa bitandukanye by'umukoresha kuri icyo gicuruzwa kugira ngo harebwe niba igicuruzwa kizanyerera cyangwa kizunguruka. Urugero, agapira ka silicone kibuno gashyirwa hasi ku gisenge cyoroshye, maze umukoresha akicaraho kugira ngo yimuke kandi ahindure imiterere ye gato kugira ngo arebe niba igicuruzwa gishobora kuguma gihagaze neza. Muri icyo gihe, hakoreshwa ikizamini cyo gucika intege kugira ngo hamenyekane imikorere yo hasi ku gapira ka silicone kibuno, kandi ikizamini cyo gucika intege hagati yacyo n'ubuso butandukanye bwo gukoraho kirapimwa kugira ngo harebwe ko hasi ku gicuruzwa hari imikorere ihagije yo kudacika intege kugira ngo hirindwe umukoresha kunyerera cyangwa kugwa.
Ikizamini cy'imiterere y'imiti:
Kumenya ibipimo by’ibintu bishobora guteza akaga: Uretse kumenya ibipimo by’ibintu byangiza n’ibicuruzwa byarangiye mu igeragezwa ryo kurengera ibidukikije, ni ngombwa kwemeza neza niba ibicuruzwa bizarekura ibintu byangiza mu gihe cyo kubikoresha mu isuzuma ry’imikorere y’umutekano. Urugero, ingano y’icyuma gikomeye kiri mu gice cy’imbere cya silicone igaragazwa neza hakoreshejwe chromatography y’amazi ikora neza (HPLC) n’ibindi bikoresho kugira ngo harebwe ko kurekura icyuma gikomeye bitazarenza urugero rw’umutekano bitewe n’ingufu n’izindi mpamvu mu gihe cyo gukoresha icyo gicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, imiti yangiza nk’irangi rya kanseri n’irangi rya allergie iri mu gicuruzwa irageragezwa, kandi uburyo bwihariye bwo gusesengura imiti nka spectrophotometry igaragara kuri UV burakoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba icyo gicuruzwa kirimo ibi bintu byangiza kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuzima n’umutekano by’abagikoresha.
Gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC): Gukurikirana imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya silicone mu bice by'umubiri bikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika. Urugero, silicone mu bice by'umubiri ishyirwa mu nzu, kandi hakoreshwa icyuma gipima ikirere cya VOC kugira ngo gipime kandi kimenye umwuka ukikije ibicuruzwa mu bihe bitandukanye kugira ngo harebwe niba imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC igenda igabanuka mu gihe cyagenwe kandi igume mu rugero rwiza kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa bitazagira ingaruka mbi ku ireme ry'umwuka wo mu nzu no ku buzima bw'abantu mu gihe kirekire gikoreshwa.
Gusubiramo igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo: Ongera usuzume ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni mu gihe cy’umusaruro urangiye kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibikoresho fatizo bitanduye cyangwa ngo bigire impinduka mu gihe cyo kubitunganya. Ongera usuzume ubuziranenge, ingano y’umwanda n’ibindi bimenyetso by’ibikoresho fatizo, kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo gusesengura imiti n’uburyo bwo gupima fiziki, nka infrared spectrometer (IR) kugira ngo usesengure imiterere y’ibinyabutabire by’ibikoresho fatizo, n’uburyo bufatika nko gupima ubucucike kugira ngo umenye impinduka mu buziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo, kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho fatizo bwujuje ibisabwa n’amahame agenga umutekano n’ibidukikije, kandi utange garanti ikomeye ku buziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa muri rusange.

4. Itandukaniro mu bipimo bya silicone hip pads zisanzwe ku isoko

4.1 Igereranya ry'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibirango bitandukanye
Hari itandukaniro rinini mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo bya silicone hip pads by’ibirango bitandukanye ku isoko, kandi iri tandukaniro rigaragarira ahanini muri ibi bikurikira:
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amahame ngenderwaho ku bidukikije: Amwe mu masosiyete azwi cyane akurikiza amahame ngenderwaho yo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, nk’amabwiriza ya EU REACH na OEKO-TEX® Standard 100, kandi ibicuruzwa byayo biri munsi cyane y’umupaka ugenwa n’ibintu byangiza ndetse n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC. Urugero, ingano y’icyuma gikomeye kiri mu gice cy’icyuma cya silicone cy’ikirango mpuzamahanga kizwi cyane ni 1/10 gusa cy’umupaka, kandi ingano ya formaldehyde ntabwo igaragara. Amwe mu masosiyete mato cyangwa ibicuruzwa bihendutse byujuje gusa amahame ngenderwaho yo mu gihugu, cyangwa ndetse birenga amahame ngenderwaho. Dukurikije imibare y’ingero z’isoko, ingano y’icyuma gikomeye kiri mu masosiyete mato ya silicone hip pads irenga 20%, naho ingano ya formaldehyde irenga 15%.
Itandukaniro mu mikorere y'umubiri: Mu bijyanye n'imikorere y'umubiri, ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byibanda ku mbaraga z'ibicuruzwa, kuramba no kudacika intege. Urugero, imbaraga zo gucika intege z'agapira ka silicone yo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishobora kugera kuri 10 MPa, kandi zishobora kwihanganira gucika intege 100.000 nta kwangirika kugaragara mu igeragezwa ryo kudacika intege, kandi imikorere yo kudacika intege ifite igipimo cyo gucika intege kirenze 0.5 ku buso bworoshye. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imbaraga zo gucika intege z'agapira ka silicone yo mu rwego rwo hasi ni 3 MPa gusa, kandi gucika intege kugaragara bibaho nyuma y'udupira 10.000 mu igerageza ryo kudacika intege, kandi imikorere yo kudacika intege ifite igipimo cyo gucika intege kiri munsi ya 0.3 ku buso bworoshye, byoroshye kunyerera.
Umutekano w'ibikomoka ku shimi:Ibirango bizwi cyanebarushaho gukaza umurego mu kugura ibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura ubuziranenge kugira ngo barebe ko ibikoresho fatizo bitagira imiti yangiza. Urugero, ingano ya phthalate mu bikoresho fatizo bya silikoni bikoreshwa n'ikigo kizwi cyane iri hasi ugereranyije n'umupaka ntarengwa wo kubitahura, mu gihe ingano ya phthalate mu bikoresho fatizo bya bimwe mu bigo bito irenga urugero rwa 30%. Byongeye kandi, ibigo bizwi bigenzura cyane ikoreshwa ry'ibintu bya shimi mu gikorwa cyo gukora kugira ngo barebe ko ibicuruzwa bitazarekura ibintu byangiza mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, mu gihe bimwe mu bigo bito bito bitita ku micungire y'ibintu bya shimi mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, kandi umutekano w'ibicuruzwa uragoye kwemeza.

4.2 Kutumvikana ku birebana n'ibitekerezo by'abaguzi
Iyo abaguzi baguze silicone hip pads, bakunze kugira ubwumvikane buke, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma abaguzi bagura ibicuruzwa bitujuje ubuziranenge kandi bigagira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ikoreshwa ryabyo.
Kutumvikana ku giciro n'ubwiza: Abaguzi benshi bizera ko ibicuruzwa bihendutse bigomba kuba bifite ubuziranenge bwiza, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bihendutse bifite ubuziranenge buke. Ariko, amakuru y'ubushakashatsi ku isoko agaragaza ko bimwe mu bigo bihendutse bishobora no kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutekano binyuze mu kunoza inzira zo gukora no kugabanya ikiguzi. Urugero, ikirango cya silicone hip pads gihendutse gikoresha ibikoresho fatizo bitangiza ibidukikije kandi kikanoza inzira zo gukora, kandi ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa byangiza n'imyuka ya VOC byombi biri munsi y'umupaka, kandi ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa bugereranywa n'ubw'ibigo byo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ariko, bimwe mu bigo bihendutse bifite kwamamaza kw'ibinyoma cyangwa gushyira mu bikorwa amahame nabi. Abaguzi ntibagomba gukoresha igiciro gusa nk'ishingiro ryo gusuzuma igihe bagura.
Kutumvikana ku bimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi: Abaguzi muri rusange bizera ko ibicuruzwa bifite ibimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi y’ibidukikije bigomba kuba birinzwe kandi byizewe. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi y’impimbano ku isoko. Urugero, bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya silicone hip pad bikoresha ikimenyetso cy’impamyabumenyi ya OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 nta burenganzira, bikaba biyobya abaguzi. Dukurikije imibare ituruka ku nzego zibishinzwe, ibicuruzwa bya silicone hip pad bifite ibimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi y’impimbano bigira 5% by’isoko buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu baguzi ntibasobanukiwe neza icyo ibimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi bisobanura n’ibisabwa, kandi ntibashobora kumenya neza niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa.
Kutumvikana ku mikorere n'umutekano: Bamwe mu bakoresha bita cyane ku mikorere ya silicone hip pads, nko kwirinda gusohoka no guhumeka, bakirengagiza uburyo ibicuruzwa bibungabungwa n'umutekano wabyo. Urugero, zimwe muri silicone hip pads zikora neza mu mikorere idasohoka, ariko zikagira ibibazo by'ibintu byangiza n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Abakoresha bagomba gutekereza ku mikorere n'umutekano w'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwuzuye igihe bagura, kandi ntibagomba kwibanda ku kimenyetso kimwe gusa cy'imikorere.

5. Incamake
Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bipimo ngenderwaho byo kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutekano wa silicone hip pads, dushobora gufata imyanzuro ikurikira:
5.1 Akamaro k'amahame yo kurengera ibidukikije
Amabwiriza agenga kurengera ibidukikije ya silicone hip pads ni ingenzi mu kurinda ubuzima bw'abaguzi n'umutekano w'ibidukikije. Amabwiriza yo mu ngo nka GB/T 2912.1-2009, GB/T 17592-2011 na GB/T 18401-2010 afite amabwiriza akaze ku bipimo nka formaldehyde, amarangi ya azo abujijwe n'ibirimo ibyuma bikomeye, bikuraho ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n'ibintu byangiza umubiri w'umuntu bivuye mu isoko. Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga nka EU REACH regulations, US ASTM F963 na OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 yarushijeho kunoza ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa kandi yizeza ko silicone hip pads yujuje amahame yo kurengera ibidukikije ku isi yose. Gushyira mu bikorwa aya mahame ntibigabanya gusa imyuka mibi y'ibintu, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere rirambye ry'inganda, biha abaguzi amahitamo meza kandi adafite ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.
5.2 Uburyo bwumvikana bw'amahame y'umutekano
Amabwiriza agenga umutekano wa silicone hip pads akubiyemo ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi: imiterere y'umubiri n'imiterere ya chimique. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'umubiri, amabwiriza akaze ku bimenyetso nk'ingano n'imiterere, imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa, ubudahangarwa no kudanyerera bishimangira umutekano n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe gisanzwe kandi birinda imvune ziterwa n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa cyangwa inenge z'ubuziranenge. Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'imiti, kugenzura neza imipaka y'ibintu byangiza, imyuka ihumanya ikirere (VOC) n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo birushaho kwemeza ubuzima n'umutekano w'ababikoresha. Ubuziranenge n'ubudahangarwa bw'aya mahame agenga umutekano biha abaguzi uburinzi bwose kandi bikubahiriza umutekano wa silicone hip pads mu gihe cyo kubikoresha.
5.3 Ubugenzuzi bw'ubuziranenge buhamye
Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibitambaro bya silicone ni ingenzi kugira ngo harebwe ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije no mu mutekano. Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije rikubiyemo kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura uko umusaruro ukorwa, kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye, kwemeza no gushyiraho ibirango, nibindi. Binyuze mu byiciro by’igenzura, bigenzura ko ibicuruzwa bitanduye n’ibintu byangiza mu gihe cyo kubitunganya kandi amaherezo byujuje ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije. Isuzuma ry’ubuziranenge rikubiyemo isuzuma ry’imikorere y’umubiri n’isuzuma ry’imiterere y’imiti. Binyuze mu buryo bwo gupima neza n’amahame agenga isuzuma, ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’imikorere y’ibicuruzwa bisuzumwa neza kugira ngo harebwe umutekano n’ubwizerwe bw’ibicuruzwa mu ikoreshwa nyaryo. Izi nzira n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge butuma abaguzi babona garanti yizewe y’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.
5.4 Uko isoko rihagaze n'uko abaguzi babona ibintu
Hari itandukaniro rinini mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo bya silicone hip pads by’ibirango bitandukanye ku isoko. Ibigo bimwe bizwi cyane bikurikiza amahame yo hejuru cyane mu gihugu no mu mahanga, kandi ibicuruzwa byabyo biri munsi cyane y’umupaka ugenwa n’ibintu byangiza n’imyuka ya VOC, mu gihe bimwe mu bigo bito cyangwa ibicuruzwa bihendutse byujuje ibisabwa gusa mu gihugu, cyangwa ndetse binarenga amahame. Abaguzi bakunze kugira ubwumvikane buke mu gihe bagura, nko kutumvikana ku giciro n’ubwiza, kutumvikana ku bimenyetso by’impamyabumenyi, no kutumvikana ku mikorere n’umutekano. Uku kutumvikana gushobora gutuma abaguzi bagura ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibisabwa kandi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano. Kubwibyo, iyo bagura silicone hip pads, abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma byimazeyo amahame yo kurengera ibidukikije n’umutekano w’ibicuruzwa no guhitamo ibirango n’ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bibungabunge ubuzima n’umutekano byabo n’imiryango yabo.
Muri make, amahame agenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bya silicone hip pads ni ishingiro ry’ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa n’umutekano w’abaguzi. Amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa, amahame agenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa, inzira zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, no gusobanukirwa neza uko isoko rihagaze n’uko abaguzi babona ibintu byose hamwe bigize uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bya silicone hip pads. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe no kunoza amahame agenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa no kurengera ibidukikije ndetse no kunoza buhoro buhoro ubumenyi bw’abaguzi, isoko rya silicone hip pads rizatera imbere mu cyerekezo cyiza, cyiza ku bidukikije kandi gitekanye.